The Characteristics Of Heroism In Beowulf - 857 Words

Heroism Essay What really defines a hero? Beowulf has been known as one of the greatest heroes in Anglo Saxon history: Strong, brave, and a great leader who will lay his life down for his people. Heroes now, show many of the same qualities, but can come in many different shapes and sizes, some even in the shape of a kitchen sponge. Beowulf’s stories depict epic quests across new and foreign lands. He goes on these quest either to keep his people safe from monster, or earn fame and glory throughout his battles. He is put through many trails and test on his journey, sometimes barley making it out alive. Within the text many good characteristics are shown, like bravery and leadership. An unlikely hero shares these same traits, and his name†¦show more content†¦Another characteristic Beowulf has is bravery, which is show again leading up to the fight with Grendel. Beowulf says to the men at Heriot. Beowulf screams, â€Å"Grendel is no braver, no stronger then I am!† (qtd. Holt Rineharth Winston 26). Beowulf says this rally his men and get them more excited. This deals with Anglo Saxon culture as well. He is boasting about himself and saying how he will kill Grendel. Beowulf’s shows both these traits many times in his stories, and Spongebob shows many of the same traits. Spongebob Squarepants may have only been an ordinary fry cook at first, but when a call to action happens he steps up for the challenge. In the The Spongebob Squarepants movie a crown is stolen from King Neptune, and his boss, Mr.Krabs is framed. Before King Neptune burns Mr.Krabs for stealing the crown, Spongebob jumps in the way and pleads with the king, asking if he can get the crown. This shows leadership because no one else steps up to help Mr.Krabs when no one else would, and risks his life to go on a journey to get the crown. Spongebob says to king Neptune, â€Å"would you spare Mr.Krabs life if I went to get your crown back?† (Spongebob Squarepants movie, 2004). This relates to modern day hero because leadership is very import. Spongebob also so much bravery throughout the movie. When he is about to cross a large ditch on their way to shell city to get the crown back, him andShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Is a Hero Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf Essay Every epic hero possesses certain heroic characteristics. The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is the hero. He shows that he is a great man by always putting other things before his own needs. He is important and needed by his people and is known by many as a strong, courageous and a helpful person. He shows all of the qualities and traits that a true hero possesses. Beowulf, like other epic heroes, possesses the following heroic qualities:Read MoreEpic of Beowulf Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th century epic poem Beowulf illustrates a loss of community, cultural values and tradition. On the other hand, an elegiac passing of an extraordinary hero and the relationship between the themes of mortality and heroism are well discussed in Beowulf. Beowulf’s character exemplifies the Germanic and the Anglo-Saxon ideals of the hero: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in the acceptance of fate. Despite his lack of humility, Beowulf was the definition of a hero in his own time by hisRead MoreHeroism in Beowolf and The Canterbury Tales1032 Words   |  5 Pages Heroism Heroes are found in every work of art. Whether it is in the television shows we watch, the movies we go to see, the poems and stories we learn about, the books we read, there is always someone or something defined as the hero of that piece. Is the hero always the good guy who defeats the evil? Or is it something more, something more meaningful. Not every story line has a good vs. evil and not every story has a defined l hero, but does that mean there is not heroism in those works? HeroismRead MoreCharacteristics Of Gilgamesh1021 Words   |  5 Pagesshowed his heroism is the, fight to find immortality. When Gilgamesh found it he thought about other people that could benefit from it. He did not yern to keep it for himself, but share with everyone else. In the majority, kings would have kept the secret of immortality to their selves, but Gilgamesh did not. He showed that he could put his people first and that is what you need when you have a King: individual who will put others befor e themselves. Beowulf is another example of heroism. Some peopleRead MoreThe Heroes Of Beowulf And Malcolm X991 Words   |  4 PagesNot every hero wears a cape or tights, nor do they all have superpowers. Being a hero does not mean you have to be a crime fighter or a warrior. Heroism comes with the good that you do, and helping people and wanting better for people are makes heroes. Heroism can range from big to small; a hero can makes someone’s day, or he or she can even make history. Heroes can be local or worldwide. A hero could even be someone an individual looks up to as a role model. Heroes do not have to be well known byRead More Heroism in Beowulf Essay531 Words   |  3 PagesHeroism in Beowulf A hero is one who is not only strong, but one who uses his strength to uphold others. A hero is humble, philanthropic, magnanimous and selfless, a humanitarian at best. In the unprecedented epic Beowulf, the tale’s namesake exemplifies every characteristic befitting an Anglo-Saxon hero. He is honest, loyal, and courageous. He portrays these characteristics in the battle against Grendel, the affray with Grendel’s mother, and the fight against the dragon that inevitably endedRead MoreThe Heroes Of The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1292 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresent the characteristics of what heroes are considered to be during the time they were written; however, they follow a specific formula, namely that the Gods intervene in the lives of the hero and, that the hero is burdened with a tragic flaw. In Virgil’s Aeneid, it is Aeneas’ dangerous disobedience to the ordinances of the Gods that kills him. In Oedipus Rex, it is Oedipus’s inability to control his temper which proves a mortal flaw. Yet, In Beowulf, despite Beowulf’s heroism and his preoccupationRead More Beowulf: A Hero Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: A Hero Beowulf is a hero during the Middle Ages because of his generosity, strength, power, and courage. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Beowulf is a hero that put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. He has heroic and superhuman qualities. He must prove his worthiness of a superior warrior. He is recognized for his strengths and power of protecting his people. Beowulf is faced with three forces to fight, Grendel (a monster)Read MoreGrendel and Beowulf Heroism1584 Words   |  7 PagesIntentions and Heroism A building is ablaze and a crowd of people stare helplessly from the streets, listening to screams coming from within. A single person runs in to rescues whomever he or she can find. Whether or not that person emerges with a child in their arms, empty handed, or not at all, does nothing to alter our societys perception of their heroism. Todays society would classify such an action as heroic, regardless of outcome, for one reason: intentions. During Anglo-Saxton timesRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1544 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf demonstrates the qualities and traits of being an ideal hero. In the poem it explores Beowulf ‘s heroism in two distinct stages which are youth and age. Beowulf has three separate and very difficult conflicts that involve Grendel, Grendel’s mother and the dragon. When you are viewing these major encounters with the three different people Beowulf demonstrates the importance of heroic code. There is a much clearer division between Beowulfâ €™s adolescent heroism as a warrior as well as in ones

The History Of Video Games - 1529 Words

The History of Video Games Some people may not know this, but there was a time when video games were not around. Like a lot of things in the world that are distinctly human, video games were made out of a combination of innovation, necessity, and curiosity. The early video game creators would be making something that would seem clunky, and somewhat crude at first. But that would completely change in time by the innovators, and entrepreneurs to something that would some day be consider an art form. (Art of Video Games) According to the Entertainment Software Association (ESA), Sales of â€Å"family entertainment† video games more than doubled in 2007, making it the fastest growing segment of the video game market. The average game player (or†¦show more content†¦(Raymond Chris) This system, which is responsible for rating every video game and matching them with the corresponding gaming age, is effective and prevents phycological problems if the parents can keep track o f what there kids are playing. The categories for video game ratings go as followed: E for everyone, T for teen, and M for mature (which is 17+). There are also ratings that fit in-between. eC for early childhood, E for everyone 10+, and Adults only 18+ (which is made from excessive nudity, or just unsuitable for people under the age of 18). Now do parents really control what their kids play? 73% of parents believe that the parental controls available in all new video game consoles are useful. Also parents control time usage on video games more than any other entertainment industry out there. 94% of the time, parents are present at the time games are purchased or rented, and 88% of the time parents report always, or sometimes monitoring the games their children play. So what are video games? Well the word video game actually goes to the RGB (red, green, and blue) raster (or video display) devise. For example when you look at an image of Mario from the game Super Mario Bros for the N intendo, and you enlarge the image. You will see a bit map of the individual pixels as squares. When you zoom in even further they can now be analyzed, and their colors constructed by adding their

The Nobel Prize Free Essays

The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards that a person can receive. The history of the Nobel Prize dates back to the 1901. Nobel, Alfred Bernhard is the founder of the Nobel Prize. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nobel Prize or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nobel, Alfred Bernhard was an inventor, chemist, engineer, writer, and a businessman. He had no children or wife to will his fortune, so he decides to establish an award to honor people for their achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace. Later in 1969 the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences will be added. This paper will discuss the process in choosing a winner. I will also discuss about some of the recipients of the Noble prizes and where they receive them. I will also discuss some of the controversial persons as well. The Nobel Prize is a very prestigious award full of history, made to honor men and women for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Nobel, Alfred Bernhard is the founder of the Noble Prize. He was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. At the age of 4 his parents move to Russia and sent him to private tutors were he quickly master chemistry and became fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, and Swedish. At the age of 18, he spent a year in Paris studying chemistry. Then he moved back to Russia to work at his father’s factory making military equipment for the Crimean War. After the war his father’s factory became bankrupt, this misfortune lead the family to move back to their home in Sweden. There Alfred soon began experimenting with explosives. In 1864, when Alfred was 29, his younger brother Emil and four others were killed in a large explosion in the family’s Swedish factory. Intensely distressed by the incident, Nobel set out to improve a safer explosive. In 1867, he patented a mixture of nitroglycerin, what he named â€Å"Dynamite. † In 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludvig died while in France. A French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred’s obituary instead of Ludvig. The paper condemned Alfred for his invention of dynamite. Provoked by the event and disappointed with how he felt he might be remembered, Nobel set aside a bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes to honor men and women for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for their work in peace. On December 10, 1896, in Sanremo, Italy Nobel passes away at age 63. After taxes and bequests to individuals, Nobel gave 31,225,000 Swedish kronor (equivalent to 250 million US dollars in 2008) to fund the prizes. On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he had requested in his will. There was much debate about the legality of Nobel’s will since it wasn’t written by an attorney, he made it himself and had four witnesses sign. The awarders waited till they knew the outcome of the legitimacy of his Will. It took five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901. In this will Nobel’s assign four different awarders institutes or Academy to choose qualified persons. The first was the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for Physics and Chemistry. The second is the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute for Physiology or Medicine. The third is the Swedish Academy for Literature. The last was a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament for the Nobel Peace Prize. Nobel’s biggest request for this award is that best candidates wins regardless of their race. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not. † (Alfred Bernhard Nobel) This was very important to Nobel that the prize is awarded to the person or persons that has help improved mankind. The Nobel Organizational S tructure is comprised of several organization and institutions, with their own tasks and purposes. The following organizations work together to carry out the process of financing to informing the public. The following organizations are the Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prize awarding institutions, Nobel Foundation Rights Association, Nobel Media, Nobel Museum, and the Nobel Peace Center Foundation. The Nobel Foundation is in charge of financing the Nobel Prize, in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prize Awarding Institutions has the task of selecting the Nobel Laureates (someone who has won a prize for their achievements), is entirely controlled by the Nobel Prize awarding institutions. These Nobel Prize awarding institutions are mention earlier in this essay. The Nobel Foundation Rights Association is in charge of informing the public regarding the Nobel Laureates and their achievements. The Nobel Foundation Rights Association was established in 1999. This non-profit association has an overall function as the overseer for the following units: Nobel Media manages and develops media rights connected with the Nobel Prize, in the areas of TV and web production, distribution, publishing and events to reach a global audience. Nobel Museum displays a century of creativity through the Nobel Prize and the achievements of the Nobel Laureates. The Nobel Museum is located in the Old Town in Stockholm, Sweden. Finally the Nobel Peace Center Foundation is an institution aimed at presenting the Nobel Peace Prize and the work of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates. It is comprised of five persons elected by the Norwegian Parliament. The Nobel Peace Center is located in Oslo, Norway. Each year at the beginning of October the Nobel Laureates are announce. Then on 10 December which is the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death, they receive their prizes from the Swedish King. They receive a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million Swedish crowns (US $1. 6 million) per prize. All Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway. So how does one a person get nominated, in order for a person to become a nominee they must be chosen by one of the awarding institutions or be nominated by a Nobel Laureates. The process for the nominee is very long. First they must receive a l etter from the awarding institutions, they usage send out about three thousand letters to candidates in Sept. Then the candidate must respond back by February, the following year. Then the awarding institution screens the candidates, and by the beginning of October the Nobel Prize Laureates are announce. And on December 10th of that year they receive their Nobel Prize of their field. In 1901, the first person to receive the Nobel Prize was Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen for the discovery of the X-ray. He was a â€Å"German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Rontgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. Squire’s Fundamentals of Radiology) Along with Wilhelm Conrad there are many other great people that have received the Nobel Prize like Albert Einstein, for his many contributions to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect (lights are particle form and not a wave). Then there is President Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905, for his efforts in mediating the Russian-Japanese dispute. In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting world peace and helping the needed. Mother Teresa deserves Nobel’s Peace Prize because she promotes peace in the most fundamental manner, by her confirmation of the inviolability of human dignity†. (President of the World Bank, Robert MacNamara) Mother Teresa really brings goodness in people. There have been controversial Nobel Peace Prize awarded to people in the past for example in 2009, President Barack Obama, â€Å"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples†(The Nobel Peace Prize 2009). The Past Peace Prize laureates were divided, some saying that President Obama deserved the award, and others saying he had not yet earned it. Due to the fact that he was nominated only 11 days after he became president. Another controversial person who is currently a nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize is Bradley Manning, the U. S. Army private charged with the biggest leak of classified information in U. S. history. According to news sources PVT Manning reason for leaking the classified information was to expose the wrongs he seen in documents and videos done by the Army in the Iraq war. He is currently in a military prison awaiting trial. The Nobel Prize is full of history of great men and women that have contributed to help mankind in the areas of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. I believe that Alfred Nobel would be proud of the good that has come out of the recognition of the Nobel Prize. To promote peace and well fair to mankind. To recognize man and women for their outstanding achievements to help mankind. Before this research paper I thought there was only a Nobel Prize for peace only, but now I am more informed about the whole process and history. Works Cited Novelline, Robert. Squire’s Fundamentals of Radiology. Harvard University Press. 5th edition. 1997. Schà ¼ck, H. et al. Nobel. The Man and His Prizes Edited by the Nobel Foundation â€Å"The Nobel Peace Prize 2009†. Nobelprize.org. 7 Mar 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes How to cite The Nobel Prize, Papers

Performance Management System Business and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Performance Management System for Business and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction: Implementing an effective and objective performance management system is necessary in an organization as it helps employers to communicate expectations and results to their employees (Buckingham and Goodall 2015). However, this systems has some challenges related to its implementation which are hereby mentioned below, Lack of knowledge: Getting all the managers on board would be highly critical while implementing performance management system. It is possible that not all the managers have idea about this process (Ates et al. 2013). Therefore, the chances are high that an inconsistent system will be applied which will help some employees and others will be affected badly. Resistance to change: Performance management system is expected to provide a transparency in the organization which can cause resistance among employees (Ates et al. 2013). Employees can feel threatened by the new system or they might become paranoid as a result of the failure of any previous system. Linking job description to performance management: It is another challenge that managers face while aligning job description with organizational objectives (Cheng 2012). If alignment is not done then expected outcomes will not be achieved. Eliminating the entitlement mentality: While implementing performance management system, managers will face problems from employees who carry entitlement mentality (Buckingham and Goodall 2015). These types of employees feel that they are entitled to a raise every year, does not matter how they are performing. References Ates, A., Garengo, P., Cocca, P. and Bititci, U., 2013. The development of SME managerial practice for effective performance management.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(1), pp.28-54. Buckingham, M. and Goodall, A., 2015. Reinventing performance management.Harvard Business Review,93(4), pp.40-50. Cheng, M.I., Dainty, A. and Moore, D., 2012. Implementing a new performance management system within a project-based organization: A case study.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,56(1), pp.60-75. Hvidman, U. and Andersen, S.C., 2013. The impact of performance management in public and private organizations.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.mut019.

Make the Most of Your Thank You Page

You successfully completed the sale or signed up the subscriber. It’s a great win and you direct your new customer to a page where you can confirm the order and express your genuine thanks. But I think most underestimate the opportunities that thank you pages present. They are a key piece of your online customer experience and, when used properly, they can help you with your longer term success. In addition to starting your customer relationships off on the right note, they can also provide some valuable information and post-conversion marketing. Here are a few strategies to boost the power of your thank you page. 1. Get Users Started with Your Product Quickly If you’re a digital product, encourage your users to get started right away when their interest is highest. This will get customers used to your product, making them more likely to continue using it and less likely to unsubscribe. If you’re selling physical goods, give your customers an expectation on when they can expect delivery. 2. Solicit Feedback Your thank you page is an ideal opportunity to see how you’re doing in terms of meeting customer expectations thus far. The insights you gain can help make your strategy more successful going forward while also strengthening the connection with your customers. Just be sure to keep it short and, if there is an issue brought forward, make sure you follow up. 3. Add a Special Offer Consider how you could provide even more value to your new customer and present some carefully selected exclusive offers. It could be a complementary product or a higher tier of your subscription service at a discounted price for a limited time. Turn your thank you page into a hub of useful resources for your customers. Include your most popular articles, guides, tutorials and resource pages. In addition to providing value to your customers, it helps establish your brand’s authority and boosts the SEO. 5. Encourage Social Sharing and Following You just got a new customer – don’t miss the opportunity deepen the connection with them. Make it easy for them to like or follow your social media pages so they can stay up-to-date with the latest product updates or promotions. There’s no harm in asking and the benefits of boosting your shares, likes and followers are huge. The Value That Thank You Pages Can Create If your thank you page consists of nothing more than a generic message, you’re missing out on a huge opportunity. I’m definitely not advocating that you load your thank you page with all of these tactics. But, depending on your business, one or two can help keep your new customer engaged with your brand. And keeping them engaged longer means that you have a better chance at fostering a stronger connection and creating more long-term customers.

Separate Pigments Using Chalk Chromatography

Separate Pigments Using Chalk Chromatography Chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture. There are many different types of chromatography. While some forms of chromatography require expensive lab equipment, others can be performed using common household materials. For example, you can use chalk and alcohol to perform chromatography to separate the pigments in food colorings or inks. Its a safe project and also a very quick project, since you can see bands of color forming within minutes. After youve finished making your chromatogram, youll have colored chalk. Unless you use a lot of ink or dye, the chalk wont be colored all the way through, but it will still have an interesting appearance. Chalk Chromatography Materials chalkalcohol (isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol seems to work best)ink, dye, or food coloringsmall jar or cupplastic wrap Apply your ink, dye or food coloring to a piece of chalk about 1 cm from the end of the chalk. You can place a dot of color or stripe a band of color all the way around the chalk. If you are mainly interested in getting bands of pretty colors rather than separating individual pigments in the dye, then feel free to dot multiple colors, all in the same place.Pour enough rubbing alcohol into the bottom of a jar or cup so that the liquid level is about half a centimeter. You want the liquid level to be below the dot or line on your piece of chalk.Place the chalk in the cup so that the dot or line is about half a centimeter higher than the liquid line.Seal the jar or put a piece of plastic wrap over the cup to prevent evaporation. You can probably get away with not covering the container.You should be able to observe the color rising up the chalk within a few minutes. You can remove the chalk whenever you are satisfied with your chromatogram.Let the chalk dry before using it for writing. Heres a video of the project, so you can see what to expect.

The Role of Strategic Planning within an Organisation Research Paper

The Role of Strategic Planning within an Organisation - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the development of an organizational strategic plan remains essential in ensuring the stakeholders remains focused toward achievement of common goals. Through the strategic planning aspect, a guideline to fundamental decisions becomes established as organizations seek to enhance the effectiveness of the organizational business process. Effective strategic planning, therefore, presents an articulate course of actions which are necessary for making essential progress within the organization. Strategic planning remains an essential aspect of management which must be effectively addressed in seeking to ensure organizational efficacy. This planning element can be defined as a fundamental determinant of the management process as it presents an evaluative communication of the organizational capabilities with objectives. Strategic planning enables organizations to match their capabilities with the anticipated outcomes, hence enhance the effectiv eness in the utilization of organizational resources. The strategic planning element provides guidance regarding the course of action to be taken under different circumstances which might face the organization. This is commonly established following an extensive analysis of the internal and external factors which might affect the effectiveness of the organization. Organisational planning remains essential in the development of processes aimed at providing a guideline into the actions undertaken towards achieving organizational goals. The fundamental focus of strategic planning remains to ensure the sustainability of business operations in the future. Strategic planning remains a critical element in different management aspects within an organization. Crisis management can be described as the process through which organizations deal with external threats which could potentially harm business operations.

The Role of Magistrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Role of Magistrates - Essay Example Thus, magistrates' assignments and the organization of their workloads can vary, sometimes dramatically, not only from district to district and courthouse to courthouse, but also among magistrates with offices along the same hallway in a single courthouse. (Carroll, 2003) Although they receive task assignments from district judges, magistrates, as judicial officers with their own legal and support staffs, retain at least some degree of autonomy in designing the organization of their workload. In fact, because they generally are not as involved with the time-consuming business of presiding over trials, events which require definitive scheduling in order to have parties, attorneys, witnesses, jurors, and other actors simultaneously present in one room, the subordinate judges frequently have significant autonomy in deciding when to address particular assigned tasks during their workdays. The magistrates generally are not responsible for prisoner cases. Habeas corpus and civil rights cases by prisoners are reviewed by two staff attorneys assigned to the district court. An experienced senior magistrate supervises these staff attorneys. Although this magistrate was laden with additional responsibilities, unlike in some other districts, he was not rewarded with the title "chief magistrate." After the initial screening by the staff attorneys, prisoner cases meeting procedural and legal requirements may be assigned by judges to their paired magistrates. A "duty magistrate" system developed for handling preliminary criminal matters. In the large court, magistrates are "on duty" for separate, rotating, one-week periods in which they have exclusive responsibility for processing the criminal cases. Thus, the magistrates normally handle criminal matters only once every five weeks. In the large court, criminal pre-trial matters, such as arraignments, bail reviews, detention hearings, initial appearances, search warrants, and arrest warrants, arise virtually every day. In addition, some of the judges have magistrates handle criminal pre-trial conferences to coordinate and settle evidentiary and other matters prior to trial. Magistrates in Action The following incident observed at the courthouse provides a picture of the magistrates at work as subordinate yet authoritative judicial officers. In the large courthouse, there is a daily "Duty Call" scheduled at one o'clock each afternoon to handle preliminary criminal matters. On this particular day, the district's magistrates held their regular monthly luncheon meeting, which did not conclude until 1:15. Afterwards, the duty magistrate talked with the author about the magistrates' roles for ten more minutes prior to entering the courtroom. Magistrates, like judges, recognize that lawyers and witnesses are frequently late in getting to court. Therefore, court proceedings generally do not begin and the magistrate or judge will not enter the courtroom until all other relevant actors are present. The magistrate's lack of concern about beginning precisely on time did not indicate

Cost Control Methods of a Food Service Restaurant Research Paper

Cost Control Methods of a Food Service Restaurant - Research Paper Example When one enters the premises, one is likely to get impressed by its tropical outlook as well as the way the tables are arranged. The restaurant prides itself in the cocktails it serves as these come in large quantities and often cause visitors to try out the establishment in the first place. It also serves traditional dishes like the paella, which has shrimp, clams and mussels; the Cuban sandwich is also another star item on their menu. These food items have not garnered raving reviews from patrons as some feel that the drinks are watered-down and the sandwiches are highly defective (Doss 2). However, what is clear is that most of the clients value the convenience of the location as many of them are new to South Beach and would not wish to look around for other eateries. The Daily Meal classifies this business as the worst restaurant in America and several customers agree with the assessment as seen through their Yelp reviews. Most of the competitors are located along the same area; that is, Ocean Drive with Las Olas Cafà © being one of the more formidable players in the business. They also sell Cuban sandwiches like Colony Cafà © but make them in the proper way thus earning a steady stream of clients in the Miami Beach area. However, other restaurants in Ocean Drive have relatively poor customer reviews; Van Dyke’s Cafe and Dà ©jà   Vu restaurant are all within the same vicinity but are guilty of low-quality service as well. In fact, many reviewers claim that the entire Ocean Drive area is an amalgam of poorly-management restaurants. The area has lowered the bar for fine restaurant dining, and left many clients yearning for more; some believe that they have to visit neighboring Puerto Sagua to find decent food establishments. Colony Cafà © suffers from a serious publicity problem; being branded as America’s worst restaurant is the last thing a business owner wants. The most commonly identified issue among customers is exorbitant pricing;

A Homophobic Environment And Schools Education Essay

A Homophobic Environment And Schools Education Essay Homophobia refers to the negative feelings that some people have towards people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered LGBT and can often lead to harassment, bullying and victimisation. Despite this definition, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (2013) state that it is not just limited to being targeted at those who identify themselves as being LGBT. They believe that people who are merely perceived to be gay can be targeted, as well as those who do not conform to stereotypical gender roles. Boys who display characteristics that are stereotypically feminine and girls who display characteristics that are stereotypically masculine can be faced with abuse in schools. For example, AVERT (n.d.) write that boys are usually stereotyped as sporty and strong decision-makers, and girls are expected to be emotional and expressive. Therefore, boys can be labelled as being gay if they dont like sports, if they happen to show their feelings or if others think they are being too in timate with other boys. A study by Rivers (2000, p14) found that there are a number of places this bullying can take place, including in the classroom, playground, corridors, toilets, changing rooms and on their way home. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007, p.16) list a number of ways that children can experience homophobic bullying. They argue that it can consist of verbal abuse (such as mean jokes, suggestive remarks, teasing and name calling) or non-verbal abuse (such as mimicking them and using offensive gestures towards them). They also argue that pupils could be ignored or excluded from joining in with others, be threatened or experience physical abuse (such as hitting or kicking). It also states that pupils may experience cyber-bullying via email, chat rooms, social network sites and mobile phones. Furthermore, they state that offensive graffiti or distribution of other offensive material could be used to harass the child. Stonewall (n.d.) state that teachers have a legal duty to ensure homophobia is dealt with in schools. The Education and Inspections Act 2006 states that there is a need to safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of pupils (Firth, 2012, p6). Under this law, teachers must identify and implement measures to promote good behaviour, respect for others, and self discipline amongst pupils, and to prevent all forms of bullying, including homophobic bullying (Stonewall, n.d.). Firth (p.6) states that the Equality Act 2010 imposes a duty on schools to be proactive in promoting equality of opportunity for all. She says that, under this law, is it illegal to put people at a disadvantage based upon their sexual orientation and, therefore it offers protection against direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation. Firth (p.6) also talks about the Human Rights Act 1998 which requires schools to respect and value all of their pupils and states that they have a right to private life and to be free from discrimination. Department For Education and Skills (2004, p9) states that OFSTED insists that inspectors report how schools promote the five outcomes of the Every Child Matters policy. These outcomes are being physically and mentally healthy, staying safe and being protected from harm and neglect, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution by being positively involved in community and society, and economic wellbeing. It adds that it will be impossible to deliver all five of these outcomes in a culture of homophobia. Despite these laws being in place, Moore Rosenthal (2006, p.132) argue that there is now considerable evidence that schools are a powerful site for homophobia to flourish and this is also reflected in research published by Stonewall, a charity organisation which fights for LGBT rights. They have conducted a number of surveys in recent years, asking for both the pupils and teachers points of view and experiences of homophobia in schools. The School Report (2012) was a survey of more than 1,600 gay young people in Britain. It found that more than half of LGBT people experience homophobic bullying at school (Stonewall, 2012, p.2) Even if they are not bullied, ninety six per cent of gay pupils heard homophobic remarks such as poof or lezza whilst ninety nine per cent hear derogatory phrases such as thats so gay (Stonewall, 2012, p.5). Thurlow (2001, p.36) writes that sticks and stones may be more likely to break their bones but the relentless, careless use of homophobic pejoratives will most certainly continue to compromise the psychological health of young homosexual and bisexual people by insidiously constructing their sexuality as something wrong, dangerous or shameworthy. Dye (n.d.) quotes Sue Allen, chair of Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (FFLAG) as saying that Every generation has a word which they use as a term of offence [] today it is gay'. She claims that pupils in primary schools begin using it to mean anything thats naff or abnormal and, as a result, by the time they reach secondary school, a feeling of negativity surrounds being gay. Plummer (2001, p17) agrees that initially when pupils are using these terms they are not referring to homosexuality. He says that pupils will use the term gay to refer to something that looks a bit different, a bit tacky, pathetic or anything like that. He states those who were called poofters were the ones that werent in the in crowd such as those who didnt play sport or those who were interested in collecting things or reading. Moore Rosenthanal (2006, p.172) argue that sexual connotations are not attached to these offensive terms until the children get into their teens but despite this, they recognise that these terms have deeply negative and offensive meanings. Therefore, even if they start off in a non-sexual sense, the powerful effect of these precisely targeted homophobic terms [] provides a hostile context for the development of a homosexual indentity. Barnes (2011) believes that the reason children use and laugh at this type of derogatory terminology is because they dont have all the facts about homosexuality. After they kno w the facts, she argues, they begin to use the correct words in the correct way.   Stonewalls School Report (2012, p21) details a number of statistics that show that many pupils report a decline in their attendance to lessons. For example, it states that seventy per cent of LGBT pupils admit to skipping school at least once. Furthermore, nearly half of the LGBT pupils who experience homophobic bullying admit to skipping school because they are being bullied. This can lead to them getting behind in their work and ultimately their attainment may be affected. 43 per cent of bullied of LGBT pupils state that they feel they are underachieving in their school work. (p.20) Over 30 per cent change their plans for future education because they are being bullied, meaning that they are more likely to leave school at 16, rather than carrying to study for their A-Levels and go to university, for example (p.21). Stonewall state that Ofsted requires schools to stamp out homophobic bullying in their inspection framework and, therefore they believe that schools should see tackling homophobic bullying as part of their wider drive to improve behaviour and boost aspiration, standards and attainment. (p27) There are concerns that schools are not doing enough to make all pupils feel welcome in their school. Stonewall (2012, p.20) found that more than fifty per cent of LGBT pupils feel as if they dont belong at their school and 46% dont feel as if they can act like themselves when they are at school. A similar percentage claim that it is hard for gay people to feel accepted in school and nearly fifty per cent of bullied LGBT pupils say that they have low self-esteem (pp.21-22). Furthermore, forty one per cent dont feel part of their school community and 30 per cent disagree with the notion that their school an accepting, tolerant place where I feel welcome. Barnes (2011) believes that it is essential that the curriculum reflects the community we live in and therefore, as LGBT people are a legitimate part of our community, they should also be included in the curriculum. She states that it is preferable to seep LGBT people into [the pupils] consciousness rather than to explicitly confront the students with LGBT issues. She believes that this can be done through a combination of inclusive lesson plans and giving them the facts through discussions that arise. Stonewall (2009a, p12) lists examples such as discussing LGBT characters in novels, civil partnerships and different families. They state that these are all ideal ways to discuss gay issues in a sensitive and appropriate manner. In order to ensure that the pupils feel accepted in school, they also recommend displaying posters which communicate positive messages of equality such as the Some people are gay, get over it campaign. The best schools do more than tackle homophobic bullying and therefore schools should work towards embracing an environment where diversity is promoted and celebrated across whole school community. (Stonewall, 2012, p27) However not all teachers are happy to include LGBT issues into their lessons. In January 2009, a London primary school teacher faced disciplinary action after she refused to read the book And Tango Makes Three, written by Parnell Richardson in 2005 (UK Parliament, 2013a). The story book tells the story of a gay penguin couple and once she realised that she that the book was advocating gay marriage she refused to continue reading it because of her Christian beliefs. She is not alone. The UK Pariliament (2013b) states that a 2013 poll conducted by ComRes found that over forty thousand teachers say they will probably refuse to teach about the importance of same-sex marriage if the Marriage (Same Sex couples) bill is eventually passed. Dashwood (2011) expresses that in her experience of homophobia in schools, she believes it is actually the pupils who show the most amount of tolerance, rather than the teachers. She argues that it is often young people who are the most accepting members of a school community, and a consequence they put many of their teachers to shame. She concludes that the government should ensure that educators are not responsible for any homophobia in the classroom, before attempting to tackle homophobic bullying among pupils. Stonewall (2012) states that whilst children in faith schools are no more likely to report homophobic bullying than those in non-faith schools (p.4), teachers in religious schools are more likely to make homophobic remarks and less likely to challenge pupils when they hear them make homophobic remarks, than those who teach in non-faith schools (p.12). Garner (2011) believes that a number of faith schools view themselves above the law and think they can do anything that they believe is line with their religious beliefs. Stonewall (2012, p.21) states that gay pupils who are bullied are at higher risk of suicide, self-harm and depression. LGBT organisation, Revel and Riot (n.d) suggests that the reasoning behind these thoughts are due to internalised homophobia; subconsciously-developed negative feelings LGBT people feel towards themselves because of their sexuality. Revel and Riot state that LGBT people may start to have these negative attitudes because they are affected and hurt by the discrimination gay people receive in society. They believe that internalised homophobia can take a number of forms. Firstly, a gay person can live in denial, where they live their lives pretending to be heterosexual which can lead to the person feeling unfulfilled and lonely. Secondly, a person can remain closeted. This means that they take part in homosexual activity but keeps it a secret from the people close to them. Revel and Riot argue that being closeted is linked with high-anxiety, low self-esteem, increased ri sk for suicide and general lack of fulfillment. The Stonewall survey (2012, p22) found that more than fifty per cent admit to taking actions to deliberately harm themselves, such as cutting or burning themselves. Nearly fifty per cent of LGBT people who are bullied show symptoms linked with depression whilst thirty five per cent of those who werent bullied showed depression symptoms (p.22) Almost a quarter of LGBT pupils admitted to attempting suicide at some point, whilst over seventy per cent claim to have at least considered it. Stonewall (2012, p.4) compares these figures to those published by the Samaritans which states that only seven per cent of all young people (either straight or LGBT) have ever attempted suicide and less than fifty per cent have considered it. Rebel and Riot (n.d.) argue that the worst form of internalised homophobia is aggressive denial, where a person feels so strongly that they should not be gay that they repress their sexual desires and act out in a ho mophobic manner towards other LGBT people. Over a quarter of bullied LGBT pupils say they feel guilty about getting bullied whilst over sixty per cent say they feel embarrassed and over forty per cent say they feel ashamed.(Stonewall, 2012, p.21) It is not always easy for teachers to be aware of when a pupil is the victim of homophobic bullying and the Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007, p16-17) believe that this is because many pupils are embarrassed to admit it, perhaps because they do not want to disclose their sexuality to their teacher or because they are embarrassed that they are being perceived in this way and being bullied for it when they actually are not LGBT. Alternatively, they argue that some pupils may choose not to tell their teachers that they are being bullied because they worry about how the staff may deal with the problem given the sensitivities involved (p.19) A Stonewall report from 2009 focused on responses from teachers of both primary and secondary schools on their experience of homoph obia in the classroom. It found that nearly thirty per cent of teachers state that they would not feel confident in supporting a pupil who decided to come out as LGBT to them (Stonewall, 2009b, p16). Furthermore, forty per cent say that they would not feel confident in providing information, advice and guidance on gay issues to their pupils. Concerns about how teachers will respond correlate with figures from Stonewalls School Report (2012, p.12) that shows that many LGBT pupils feel that their schools often fail to intervene when homophobic bullying and language occurs. The report found that the rate of homophobic bullying is much higher in schools where teachers never step in when they hear homophobic remarks, compared to schools where the teachers challenge homophobic remarks every time. (Stonewall, 2012, p.13) Up until 2003, it was illegal for teachers to intentionally promote homosexuality or to promote the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship (National Archives, n.d.) This was stated as part of Section 28 of the 1988 Local Government Act. Even though this has now been repealed, there may still be confusion of what is acceptable. This fairly recent change of the law may leave those that have been teaching for a while confused as to what they are allowed to do. If they have always been told that they are not allowed to teach about gay issues throughout their career, many may continue to ignore these issues even now the ban has been lifted. Bridges (2013) agrees with this notion as she states that gay relationships seem to be outside the comfort zones of many teachers, and is therefore not tackled with as much rigour as other types of bullying. Pupils who have gay family members can also feel the effect of homophobia in the classroom. Stonewalls Different Families (p.20) states that whilst lots of pupils who have gay parents are open about their families, most are careful about who they tell. Those who feel that they have to keep their families secret from everyone find it stressful. The report states that many pupils with gay parents are worried that they will get bullied and this prevents them from being honest about their families. The report concluded that pupils with gay parents dont feel as though their families were reflected in the classroom. It states that too often, schools assume that pupils have a mum and a dad both in classroom activities and in letters that are sent home. Therefore, the report recommends that teachers cease to make this assumption to avoid this insensitivity towards the pupils who have alternative families (p.22). Firth (2002, p7) acknowledges the importance for pupils who come from LGBT famil ies to feel that their families are recognised, accepted and respected. For this reason she believes that it is entirely appropriate to have discussions amongst young pupils about the diversity of families that exist within society. It is not just the pupils who experience homophobic abuse. Williams (2012) states that a 2006 survey by the Teacher Support Network discovered that two-thirds of LGBT teachers had experienced harassment or discrimination at work because of their sexual orientation. She writes that 81% of those received discrimination from the pupils and but 46% said their colleagues were responsible. Dellenty (2012) hopes that gay teachers will have the strength to come out and hopes that schools support them when they do as there will be pupils who have gay family or friends and those who will grow up to be LGBT themselves. He argues that these people deserve and need a representative diverse range of authentic role models in schools. The Department for Children, Families and Schools (, p.13) writes that the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 aims to protect all members of staff against discrimination or harassment on the grounds of their sexual orientation or perceived sexual orienation. Aside from bullying, there are also concerns that gay people are not well enough informed when it comes to sexual health. The Sex Education Forum () states that young LGBT pupils often report feeling left out of sex and relationships programmes. The Department for Education and Employment (2000) wrote that schools have a responsibility to ensure that the needs of all of their pupils are met in the sex education programmes. They argue that that all pupils need to feel that sex and relationship education is relevant to them and sensitive to their needs, regardless of their sexual orientation. They add that teachers should be able to deal honestly and sensitively with sexual orientation, answer appropriate questions and offer support. Stonewall (2012, p) found that two thirds of gay pupils dislike taking part in team sports. Futhermore, a survey by the National Union of Students () found that 42% per cent of LGBT pupils had a negative experience of playing sport at school which lead to them feeling as though they dont want to play any sports at college or university. The report concludes that schools should encourage LGBT-inclusiveness by using sport as a way of expressing to pupils that homophobia is not acceptable behaviour and that all members of a sports team should contribute to creating an inclusive environment. They should also make an effort to support students to participate in a broad range of sports, including those that are not typical for their gender. The celebration of LGBT History month in some schools is a step in the right direction. The National Union of Teachers (NUT, 2013) argues that LGBT History Month helps teachers to promote equality, value diversity and implement effective strategies to eradicate homophobia. The idea is to make pupils aware of the achievements of LGBT people in Britain, as well as the struggles they faced in society. Taking place every February, It is an opportunity to show that discrimination against people is wrong and must be challenged.  The NUT adds that students in school [] need to discuss human rights and have the life skills for a world where LGBT and straight people are equal. The LGBT History website outlines a number of reasons why this celebration is beneficial to the whole school community. It states that it is essential for everybody to be aware of the role of LGBT people in society and claims to aim to help gay people be viewed by students as motivators, inventors, artists, scientists and stars, rather than as victims. It also hopes to help boost the self-esteem of young LGBT pupils so they feel safe enough to continue with their education and grow to be happy and healthy adults who are less likely to suffer from violence, depression, and suicide. It is also an opportunity to provide postive role models for the pupils. An extreme example, but one that has been launched in other countries, is that of a gay school; a school for gay pupils, such as the Harvey Milk High School in New York. Launched in 2003, it was set up for those pupils who had been victimised and abused in their previous schools so much so that they were falling behind in their work or felt too afraid to attend their classes (Henley, 2004). Many of its pupils express that without the school they would make no academic progress and Henley (2004) writes that the school boasts that 95% of its students graduate, compared to just over 50% across New York generally. However, the idea is not popular amongst as people can get bullied for a number of reasons. Henely (2004) quoted Mike Long (who at the time was the chairman of the New York Conservative Party) as saying if we need a special school for homosexuals, maybe we need a special school for little short fat kids because they get picked on too. Indeed, Stonewalls research found that homo phobia was only the second most frequent form of bullying, behind bullying for being overweight. It is important to consider, therefore, that whilst these pupils may not get bullied for their sexual orientation anymore, they could still be targeted for other reasons. Furthermore, there are concerns that separating homosexual people from heterosexual people at an early age is only going to cause a wider segregation later on in life. Henley (2004) writes that some gay activitists believe that creating a new form of gay ghetto is no way to encourage integration and understanding, adding that in the real world, [] gay and straight people have to learn to co-exist. The Department for Education and Skills (2004) believe that schools are the ideal place to challenge homophobia because they make a significant contribution to the development of values and attitudes in young children that are likely to be highly resistant to change in later life.

Cosmic Life and Death of a Star Essay examples -- physics science spac

Conception Nebula as Star Nurseries Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004). If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined. Although this may sound like a simple enough process there are actually several variables that must be just right for birth to happen. For one, the mass of the collapsing particles is crucial and ther... ...e times the mass of the sun. In this case gravity is overwhelmingly strong and is able to crush the neutron star towards zero mass. The result is a black hole with a gravitational field strong enough to not even let light escape (Brusca, 2004). Bibliography Brusca, Stone. Cosmos, Physics 304. Arcata, CA: Dr. Stone Brusca, 2004. Miller, Coleman M. Introduction to neutron stars. University of Maryland. 22 Nov. 2004 Star death: post- main sequence evolution of stars. 22 Nov. 2004 Stellar Birth. 11 Jan. 2004. 22 Nov. 2004 Tyler, Pat. Supernova. NASA’s Heasarc: Education and Public Information. 26 Jan. 2003. 22 Nov. 2004 Cosmic Life and Death of a Star Essay examples -- physics science spac Conception Nebula as Star Nurseries Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004). If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined. Although this may sound like a simple enough process there are actually several variables that must be just right for birth to happen. For one, the mass of the collapsing particles is crucial and ther... ...e times the mass of the sun. In this case gravity is overwhelmingly strong and is able to crush the neutron star towards zero mass. The result is a black hole with a gravitational field strong enough to not even let light escape (Brusca, 2004). Bibliography Brusca, Stone. Cosmos, Physics 304. Arcata, CA: Dr. Stone Brusca, 2004. Miller, Coleman M. Introduction to neutron stars. University of Maryland. 22 Nov. 2004 Star death: post- main sequence evolution of stars. 22 Nov. 2004 Stellar Birth. 11 Jan. 2004. 22 Nov. 2004 Tyler, Pat. Supernova. NASA’s Heasarc: Education and Public Information. 26 Jan. 2003. 22 Nov. 2004

The Convenience of Today’s Technology

Who would have ever thought that you will be able to communicate with a person, just by typing a letter push press and send all from one location. Today’s technology is more convient, faster, and cost effective. As one of the projects that I have worked with for years is preparing the church newsletter, programs, notes, and other resources. In the past we had the manual and then the electric typewriters. When typing and a mistake were made, before the correction ribbon on the electric typewriter, you had to continually hit the back button and retype the correct letter. Your choice of print was very limited with the typewriter. There was no way to do spell check. Every paper had to be carefully proof read by a department of peoples. If you were adding a picture to your paper, you had to find pictures out of books and they were limited. Once the picture was found it had to be cut out and paste or taped to the paper. In order for someone else to add an article to the paper they had to type their part, get it proofread and then transport it to the location of the paper being prepared. In today’s world we have the technology that allows us to do all printing while sitting in one location. There are different types of programs to choose from to publish the newsletter, program, and other resources You have many different fonts to choose from depending on the type of message you are sending. There are thousands of clipart from cartoon, silhouettes, to any thing you can name to add as an image to your project. After finding the set up that fits your needs you can start your project, you can begin to type in your message in the designated area. To insert an image, you can go to the clipart or internet to locate the desired image. The computer does the spell check and some grammar checking as well. Usually when a word is misspelled it is underline with a squiggly red or green line. Some proofreading is still required but it may not take a team of people as in the past. In order from some one else to add a message to the paper being prepared all you need to do is send it to them by email as an attachment. As a downfall to this technology, if everyone is in the same office working with the same programs all will work well. However, if I’m working from home on my personal computer and I send it to another person at home, we may be working with different programs. Some people may have older systems while others may be on a up to date system. In conclusion, the convience of today’s technology and printing is much easier and faster in this day and time. As the years go on we will be amazed at how technology will advance in the future.

Free Essays on Constitution Explained

Constitution of the United States Explained The Constitution was written in the 18th century and was made to replace the current rule of the United States and be the strict guideline of how we are to live and rule. The Constitution is broken up into various different parts consisting of the Preamble which is a basic introduction to the Constitution, Articles, Sections, and Amendments. Under these next few paragraphs I will break down the meaning of the Constitution to the best of my own ability. The Preamble is the beginning introduction to the constitution and explains the purpose of it’s being. It is to reflect how the Framers wanted to have a more perfect government, ensuring the safety of the people, wanting to benefit the people rather than to everyone with power, and intending for the Constitution to continue through future generations. Article 1 establishes the first of 3 branches of government, the Legislature. Section 1 declares the name of this Legislature to be called the Congress, which is to be split into two parts. Section 2 defines one of these two parts as the House of Representatives. There is a minimum age requirement of 25, the people if chosen are then to serve for only 2 years. The members are divided among the states evenly, based on the size of that state. The leader of the house that is chosen is also known as the Speaker of the House. Section 3 goes into the upper house, the Senate. The minimum age requirement of this branch is 30. Senators will be chosen by the legislature of the individual states and serve for 6 years at a time. Each state has 2 senators, regardless the size of the state. The Vice President is leader of the Senate, and the Vice President does not vote unless a tie occurs. Section 4 says that each state is responsible for creating a method of voting for Congress. Con gress must also meet at least once a year. Section 5 tells us that Congress has a minimum amount of member... Free Essays on Constitution Explained Free Essays on Constitution Explained Constitution of the United States Explained The Constitution was written in the 18th century and was made to replace the current rule of the United States and be the strict guideline of how we are to live and rule. The Constitution is broken up into various different parts consisting of the Preamble which is a basic introduction to the Constitution, Articles, Sections, and Amendments. Under these next few paragraphs I will break down the meaning of the Constitution to the best of my own ability. The Preamble is the beginning introduction to the constitution and explains the purpose of it’s being. It is to reflect how the Framers wanted to have a more perfect government, ensuring the safety of the people, wanting to benefit the people rather than to everyone with power, and intending for the Constitution to continue through future generations. Article 1 establishes the first of 3 branches of government, the Legislature. Section 1 declares the name of this Legislature to be called the Congress, which is to be split into two parts. Section 2 defines one of these two parts as the House of Representatives. There is a minimum age requirement of 25, the people if chosen are then to serve for only 2 years. The members are divided among the states evenly, based on the size of that state. The leader of the house that is chosen is also known as the Speaker of the House. Section 3 goes into the upper house, the Senate. The minimum age requirement of this branch is 30. Senators will be chosen by the legislature of the individual states and serve for 6 years at a time. Each state has 2 senators, regardless the size of the state. The Vice President is leader of the Senate, and the Vice President does not vote unless a tie occurs. Section 4 says that each state is responsible for creating a method of voting for Congress. Con gress must also meet at least once a year. Section 5 tells us that Congress has a minimum amount of member...

Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Example

Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Example Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Charmian is Cleopatras personal attendant and she is very apt at dealing with Cleopatra and her moods. When Cleopatra says that she will kill the messenger Charmian proceeds to tell her to keep within yourself. The man is innocent. (page 71 line 76-7) which clearly calms Cleopatra because she apologises and says she was wrong, which, considering Cleopatras personality, is clearly not something she does often. Cleopatra seems to only ever admit that she may have been wrong to Charmian, which implies that they are actually very close and rely upon each other quite heavily.An example of this is when Cleopatra says my salad days, when I was green in judgement, cold in blood, to say as I said then (page 39 lines 76-8). Charmian and Cleopatra are two opposites, Charmian is not a very strong character and is technically very unimportant to everyone, where as Cleopatra is a very strong and overbearing character and is the most important person in Egypt. Enobarbus and Charmian have very similar roles with their principles.They would both be without status, were they not to have their principles, and they both seem to dote on them and have the utmost loyalty, which Enobarbus clearly shows when Antony tells him they must leave, and Enobarbus simply says I shall dot (page19 line 190). However after a closer look it is quite clear they are quite different characters. The main difference between these two characters is that Charmian stayed faithful to Cleopatra where as Enobarbus did not.Cleopatra and Charmian begin the play together, and they end it together, where as Antony and Enobarbus begin it together, and they end it very much apart. Although they begin the play as very good friends, as the play continues, Enobarbus starts to doubt Antony, he says to Antony look, they weep, and I, an ass, am onion-eyed after he talks to the men. Shakespeare delivers this line through Enobarbus, because he is really the only person who would be allowed to say this to Antony, the only one who is allowed to question Antonys judgement.In the end all four of these characters die. This ending is in fact very similar to that of another Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet. Cleopatra makes it known to Antony that she is dead, even though she is not, and Antony kills himself because of that, which then leads Cleopatra making that lie a truth. The way that they die is very similar mainly because they all do it by their own hand. Cleopatra and Charmian both die the same way, and Enobarbus and Antony both die the same way, which I think Shakespeare did to show that they were still connected, even though they were apart.Cleopatra is overcome with grief and applies a poisonous snake to her body until it bites and kills her, then Charmian also does the same once her mistress is dead. This shows that she obeys her mistress to the very end. I think that Charmian cares a great deal for Cleopatra because when Cleopatra and Charmian are both dead a guard tells Caesar that he found her trimming up the diadem on her dead mistress (page 227 line 336-7) which I think shows great care and affection towards Cleopatra. Enobarbus realises what he has done, leaving his master and his best friend, when he was most needed and decides to kill himself.Enobarbus last words are for his master, as he dies he says O Antony! O Antony! (page 171 line 23). Antony also dies by turning his sword on himself; however he first asked Eros to kill him, which shows that actually in the end, Enobarbus is stronger than Antony. These characters are all very similar, and yet very different and I think that, no matter how they ended up, there is still an unbreakable bond between the servants and their masters, and Shakespeare portrays this very well throughout the play.Even when there was doubt from Enobarbus, his last words were for Antony, which still shows his loyalty. Charmian lived for her queen and she died for her queen, loyal until the end. They both behave with their principles in very unique ways which just enhances their own characters and makes them stand out not only as being their principles closest servants but also as being their own individual person.

International Finance Airbus and Boeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Finance Airbus and Boeing - Essay Example Boeing Company is the largest aerospace company of US. Its operations are in more than 90 countries. The commercial airplane division is the most prominent of all divisions. The company is headquartered in Illinois and known as premier US aircraft manufacturer. Boeing's revenue in the year 2010 was $64.31 billion and first-half revenue in 2011 was $31.45 billion. The company is subject to foreign currency exchange risk for company's revenue comes through its operations in various locations and company also makes payments to suppliers in foreign currencies. The company needs to manage foreign currency risk by entering into the foreign currency forward contracts, hedging the price risk associated with receipts and payments with respect to current business. The forward contracts neutralize the effect of any negative exchange rate fluctuations and safeguard the company. Airbus is headquartered in Toulousse and owned by EADS. Airbus' operations are spread throughout the world with total workforce of more than 119,000. The company's costs are made in euro but bulk of the revenues comes in US dollar. Airbus has long delivery periods for the order received today for the aircraft the delivery will be made only after 4-5 years. In view of this, they need to enter into forward contracts to lock currency exchange rates to safe guard themselves because they should not lose when the final payments are made to them on delivery. The company’s half of the cost are paid in Euros and the company needs to hedge for at least two years at the appropriate rates against dollar for bulk of its revenue comes in dollars. The company should also make its European suppliers to bill them in dollars so that currency risk is passed on to them. Discuss a framework a firm might adopt for capital budgeting internationally. A multinational or for that matter any firm operating internationally is always worried about the revenue streams or cash flows that their investments in some other country will bring. The conversion value fluctuations between host and home currencies may make all the difference in budget and actual cash flows received after implementation of the project. 1. An international firm may adopt a simple approach as per the following. 2. Estimating future cash flows in host country currency where investment has been made. 3. Estimating an appropriate discount rate in foreign currency based on the interest rate and prevailing inflation rate in that country. 4. All revenues streams for the expected life of the project are calculated in the foreign currency of the country of operation and the same are converted to Net present value (NPV) using the discount rate also called cost of capital. 5. Converting the foreign currency NPV as calculated above into own currency using the spot exchange rate In another approach, a firm may first convert the foreign cash flows into own currency at the exchange rate expected to prevail. Then the firm may calculate its NPV based on the cost of capital prevailing in its own country. Any of the above approaches will bring the same result s. Again, in order to safeguard and mitigate the risk involved with the capital invested at international shore, the company needs to enter into a suitable forward currency contract as per the cash flows available to them for remittance to own country. Critically assess the work of the credit rating agencies and suggest possible reforms to improve their functioning. Briefly discuss whether your reforms could have prevented the â€Å"Credit Crunch†. The credibility of credit rating agencies has gone downhill after subprime crisis. The high ratings they awarded to residential mortgage-backed bonds facilitated commercial transactions across all financial markets in US and Europe. At times, their action raises host of doubts in the investor's mind. The Enron case reminds us how rating

The Art of Storytelling from Chopin to Barth Essay

The Art of Storytelling from Chopin to Barth - Essay Example In these loosely connected fourteen stories that form the collection, Barth explores the predicament of man's stark and almost bare reality, and a sense of being under constant observation perforates the work. Barth experiments with different styles in this work, being contemporary and realistic in a few of the early stories, whereas adopting a more innovative and fantastical approach towards the later half. Through this paper I want to establish the fact that the literature of a period reflects the social, economic, cultural and literary trends of that age. The narrative, structure, language, portrayal of characters, themes and literary styles all represent the relation of the individual with the society that has conditioned him. The portrait of twenty-eight-year-old Edna Pontellier in The Awakening is a milestone in American fiction, which depicts a woman in search of her own identity. Even in the perception of her husband, Mr. Pontellier, Edna is not a quintessential "mother-woman" (p. 8) naturally given to strong maternal instincts and selfless nurturing. In this quest she turns away from convention and society, and rather takes a turn towards the primal, irresistibly attracted to nature and the senses. "A certain light was beginning to dawn dimly within her,-the light which, showing the way, forbids it." (p. 13) For me, The Awakening vividly depicts the socio-cultural transition that marked the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century-a transition from Victorian outlook to the seminal steps towards modernism as reflected few decades later in the works of Virginia Woolf and James Joyce. It depicts a period in history when women were regarded as the property of their spouses and mostly taken for granted. Lost in the Funhouse for me also typifies certain assumptions of the age it was written in. Post-modernist fiction has a predominant theme of self-consciousness which I feel this work reflects in immense measures. Moreover, the contemporary theoretical problems of fiction writing, that Barth was preoccupied with during the 1960s is strongly embedded in the text. A sense of loss, of frustration also comes across through the stories which the age was preoccupied with. The Awakening traces predominantly an inward journey of self. Edna Pontellier, the protagonist of the novel, is the wife of a successful New Orleans businessman. On the exterior she reflects happy domesticity-a mother of two children with a husband who provides adequately for the family. Her husband is no villain as is clear by the following lines: "And the ladiesall declared that Mr. Pontellier was the best husband in the world. Mrs Pontellier was forced to admit that she knew none better." (p.7) She is more or less content with this state of existence till she vacations with her family at a seaside resort in Louisiana where she spends much of her time with Robert Lebrun, a romantic young man. This interaction sparks or rather awakens a new side of her personality which had since been dormant. She starts thinking about herself as an individual rather than being defined by the roles she plays in the society. Soon, after many intimate

Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the Essay

Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; and speculate how any reforms may occur - Essay Example The first is when a woman’s pregnancy seems to be life threatening. The latter term refers to any significant risks to both the physical and mental health of the patient. The medical risk must be something assessed by two doctors if the pregnancy has exceeded twenty four weeks. In the event that the pregnancy would cause severe medical damage to a mother or that it happens to be a medical emergency, then consent from just one doctor is enough to terminate the pregnancy. 2 The second circumstance that would allow for an abortion in the United Kingdom is in the event that the unborn child will have extreme mental or physical abnormalities. The abnormalities must be certified by a medical practitioner. It should be noted that the above two restrictions apply in Wales, Scotland, and England but not in Northern Ireland. All in all, abortions in the UK are illegal except for medical reasons. In this country, abortion was legalised in the 1970s after the proverbial case of Roe v. Wade. However there are still numerous laws in place to regulate abortions so as to ensure that it is done well; the first among these are the TRAP laws. 3 These are laws are directed towards medical practitioners offering abortions and do not apply to other types pf practitioners. The government introduced this so that there could be greater safety in the process of conducting abortions. These laws mostly dwell on the way the abortion procedure is conducted rather than the choices made prior to the abortion. Consequently, the laws normally affect doctors rather than mothers but the effects are also felt by women. His first requirement in these laws is that doctors offering abortion services need to have a valid licence and failure to do so will result in fines. The other one is that the department of health can check on performance of procedures during any hour of operation, clinics are

Smartphone Speech Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Speech Essay The first ever smartphone – IBM Simon smartphone? A high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone or camera phone. Todays models also serve to combine the functions of portable media players, low-end compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units. Modern smartphones typically also include high-resolution touchscreens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphones include Apples iOS, Googles Android, Microsofts Windows Phone, Nokias Symbian, RIMs BlackBerry OS, and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. Such operating systems can be installed on many different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple OS software updates over its lifetime. The distinction between smartphones and feature phones can be vague and there is no official definition for what constitutes the difference between them. One of the most significant differences is that the advanced application programming interfaces (APIs) on smartphones for running third-party applications can allow those applications to have better integration with the phones OS and hardware than is typical with feature phones. In comparison, feature phones more commonly run on proprietary firmware, with third-party software support through platforms such as Java ME or BREW. An additional complication in distinguishing between smartphones and feature phones is that over time the capabilities of new models of feature phones can increase to exceed those of phones that had been promoted as smartphones in the past. History Early years It was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product that year at COMDEX, the computer industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a touchscreen to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen predictive keyboard. By todays standards, the Simon would be a fairly low-end product, lacking a camera and the ability to download third-party applications. However, its feature set at the time was highly advanced. The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokias smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996. This distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone was the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital assistant (PDA) by Hewlett-Packard combined with Nokias best-selling phone around that time, and early prototype models had the two devices fixed via a hinge. The Communicators are characterized by a clamshell design, with a feature phone display, keyboard and user interface on top of the phone, and a physical QWERTY keyboard, high-resolution display of at least 640? 200 pixels and PDA user interface under the flip-top. The software was based on the GEOS V3. 0 operating system, featuring email communication and text-based web browsing. In 1998, it was followed by Nokia 9110, and in 2000 by Nokia 9110i, with improved web browsing capability. In 1997 the term smartphone was used for the first time when Ericsson unveiled the concept phone GS88 the first device labeled as smartphone. Symbian The Nokia 9210 Communicator (Symbian 2000 model smartphone)In 2000, the touchscreen Ericsson R380 Smartphone was released. It was the first device to use an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was the first device marketed as a smartphone. It combined the functions of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA). In December 1999 the magazine Popular Science appointed the Ericsson R380 Smartphone to one of the most important advances in science and technology. It was a groundbreaking device since it was as small and light as a normal mobile phone. In 2002 it was followed up by P800. Also in 2000, the Nokia 9210 communicator was introduced, which was the first color screen model from the Nokia Communicator line. It was a true smartphone with an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was followed by the 9500 Communicator, which also was Nokias first cameraphone and first Wi-Fi phone. The 9300 Communicator was smaller, and the latest E90 Communicator includes GPS. The Nokia Communicator model is remarkable for also having been the most costly phone model sold by a major brand for almost the full life of the model series, costing easily 20% and sometimes 40% more than the next most expensive smartphone by any major producer. In 2007 Nokia launched the Nokia N95 which integrated a wide range of multimedia features into a consumer-oriented smartphone: GPS, a 5 megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash, 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity and TV-out. In the next few years these features would become standard on high-end smartphones. The Nokia 6110 Navigator is a Symbian based dedicated GPS phone introduced in June 2007. In 2010 Nokia released the Nokia N8 smartphone with a stylus-free capacitive touchscreen, the first device to use the new Symbian^3 OS. [16] It featured a 12 megapixel camera with Xenon flash able to record HD video in 720p, escribed by Mobile Burn as the best camera in a phone,[17] and satellite navigation that Mobile Choice described as the best on any phone. [18] It also featured a front-facing VGA camera for videoconferencing. Symbian was the number one smartphone platform by market share from 1996 until 2011 when it dropped to second place behind Googles Android OS. In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all of its future smartphones. [19] This transition was completed in October 2011, when Nokia announced its first line of Windows Phone 7. 5 smartphones, Lumia 710 and 800. Smartphone market share For several years, demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful processors and graphics processing units, abundant storage (flash memory) for applications and media files, high-resolution screens with multi-touch capability, and open operating systems has outpaced the rest of the mobile phone market. According to an early 2010 study by ComScore, over 45. 5 million people in the United States owned smartphones out of 234 million total subscribers. Despite the large increase in smartphone sales in the last few years, smartphone shipments only made up 20% of total handset shipments as of the first half of 2010. According to Gartner in their report dated November 2010, total smartphone sales doubled in one year and now smartphones represent 19. 3 percent of total mobile phone sales. Smartphone sales increased in 2010 by 72. 1 percent from the prior year, whereas sales for all mobile phones only increased by 32%. According to an Olswang report in early 2011, the rate of smartphone adoption is accelerating as of March 2011 22% of UK consumers had a smartphone, with this percentage rising to 31% amongst 24- to 35-year-olds. In March 2011, Berg Insight reported data that showed global smartphone shipments increased 74% from 2009 to 2010. A survey of mobile users in the United States by Nielsen in Q3, 2011 reports that smartphone ownership has reached 43% of all U. S. mobile subscribers, with the vast majority of users under the age of 44 owning one. In the 25-34 age range smartphone ownership is reported to be at 62%. NPD Group reports that the share of handset sales that were smartphones in Q3, 2011 reached 59% for consumers 18 and over in the U. S. In profit share worldwide smartphones now far exceed the share of non-smartphones. According to a November 2011 research note from Canaccord Genuity, Apple Inc. olds 52% of the total mobile industrys operating profits, while only holding 4. 2% of the global handset market. HTC and RIM similarly only make smartphones and their worldwide profit shares are at 9% and 7%, respectively. Samsung, in second place after Apple at 29%, makes both smartphones and feature phones and doesnt report a breakdown separating their profits between the two kinds of devices, but it can be intuited that a significant portion of that profit comes from their flagship smartphone devices. Up to the end of November 2011, camera-equipped smartphones took 27 percent of photos, a significant increase from 17 percent last year. Due to the fact that we carry smartphones with us all the time, smartphones have replaced some functions of Point-and-shoot cameras, except the cameras with big optical zoom such as 10x. In early July 2011 the Pew Research Center released the results of a new study. The findings show that 35% of adults own smartphones, and those phones are the main source of Internet access for 25% of their users. The trends and adoption rates continue to climb and mobile devices and connections become a bigger part of the lives of more and more people.

Character Study in Manual Puigs Kiss of the Spider Woman Essay

Character Study in Manual Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman On the surface, Manual Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman is about politics and oppression. Caged literally and figuratively in an existential cell, both Molina and Valentin are wards of a police state and are therefore powerless to change their circumstances. But the novel is really about how spiritual freedom is cultivated and made manifest by Molina's retelling of his favorite movies. Because the substance of the films is first filtered through Molina's perspective, his perversion of the characters and plots reflect his own progression from an oppressed prisoner to a heroine who freely chooses the path to her own death. That Molina identifies himself with the heroines in the films is unmistakable by the end of the novel. In the first movie he tells to Valentin, a woman who involuntarily changes into a panther whenever she kisses a man is parallel to Molina's life as a homosexual man in a society that condemns him. The panther woman's love is dangerous, and so is Molina's. His fatalistic view of his place ...

Patriot Act Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Politics Terror Essays

Patriot Act One of the worst, yet momentous events in U.S history occurred on September 11th, 2001. This event released a flow of patriotic fervor and a permanent fear among all Americans that they had also now become suspect to acts of international terrorists. This led to a lot of changes in the attitudes of the executive and legislative branches in the United States government. They came up almost immediately with new measures, which were supposedly against terrorism or terrorist threats. One of the principle acts passed by them was called "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001," also called the USA Patriot Act. This was signed and approved as law by President Bush on October 26th, 2001. This act is one of the most sweeping acts passed in the history of modern America. The Act affects the civil liberties of the citizens of USA and even non-citizens who are residing in America on a regular basis. The question though, is if the United States is faced with a Major Crisis like 091101 brought forth, is it permissible to allow the Government the expanded powers to set fourth the laws and enforcement needed to protect our country? And is it permissible to take away many citizens liberties while doing so? The answers may vary, some people may fight for there rights some may not even care. When it comes down to it, we’re all American citizens and we might not all be part of the U.S. Army, or the United States Marine Corp. but we are all solders. We all have the same responsibility to protect our Nation and its citizens. Many may speculate that our â€Å"rights† are being violated. That six of there most coveted rights and Amendments are being violated by the government that is supposed to enforce that each citizen have them. Anyone that has an opinion on there rights, basically has two choice is the matter. They can not worry about what there rights are and how they could be violated and save thousands or millions of United States citizen lives in one way or another, or they can fight the Government and keep all there rights as they see they have them, and cause thousands of innocent deaths, just like what occurred on 091101. All the Patriot act did after 091101, was keep the honest people honest. That’s all it is meant to do, while weeding out the snakes and rats that can c... ...though I support the Patriot Act for this time of need, I strongly disagree with the â€Å"Patriot II† —the act that was intended to follow Patriot and grant the government even broader powers which would give the FBI and CIA greater powers to spy and become more secreted then they already are. The plans of Patriot II were leaked out in bits and pieces of there past winter causing a little despair, the Government ensured that the Patriot II is dead and will never take effect. However look for the Government, mainly President Bush’s slaves, to incorporate many of the clauses this fall in the guise of the Victory Act. Many of the clauses in the Patriot II and Victory Act, I am strongly against, due to the fact even without reasonable suspicion the government could do as they please, and many civil liberties would be violated. Like I stated, I do support the judgment of expanded power during the time of need, within a certain period of time [durations of the War ] and with reasonable suspicion to deprive a citizen of rights, I will proudly diminish the level of rights I carry to protect that of others. I’m a proud United States citizen and I have nothing to hide at all, not even my pride.

American expressionism: art and social change Essay

Art is a dynamic concept that has continued to evolve. Since its inception, art has evolved through various movements representing diverse themes and philosophies. Artists aligned to specific art movements have contributed in advancing their philosophies in the specific periods represented. From the 18th to the 21st century, art movements have impacted greatly on the society. The Romanticism Movement               Ã‚  The Romanticism movement originated towards the end of the 18th century in Europe. The movement advocated for the bold use of color to bring out the authentic emotional feel of an aesthetic experience. According to Dempsey (2002), the validation of intense emotional experience in visual arts stressed on emotions likes anxiety and horror. The liberal expression of an artist was an imperative aspect in the Romantic era; an artist’s feelings and expressions formed the basis of inspiration towards the production of art work (Scaglia, 2011). Creativity formed the basis of innovation upon which the Romanticism movement thrived. Nationalism and nature were central themes advanced by Romantic artists (Scaglia, 2011). The Romanticism movement placed an immense interest in nature. The reason behind the love for nature in artistic work during the movement was the philosophical tenet that a connection with nature was emotionally and ethically healthy. Moreover, artists based their works on a nationalism platform by fostering national development. The graphic design of the period drew strong influence from the political circles. The aristocratic political and social norms of the period triggered the rise of Romanticism. Romantic artists revolted against aristocracy sought to instill liberal tendencies through their expressions. On an economic ground, the industrial revolution had an influence on the movement. The movement was opposed to the corrupt nature that the society was adopting. The culture of liberalism and free expression contributed in the development of the movement. Thomas Jones’, The Bard (1774) Egide Charles (1834) The Belgian Revolution The visual arts explore the connection between Romanticism and nationalism. The paintings illustrate the artists’ use of nature as well as showing society’s need for nationalism respectively. Synchromism               Ã‚  The movement started in 1912 under the innovative works of Stanton Mc-Donald-Wright and Morgan Russell (Scaglia, 2011). The artists are acknowledged as among the pioneer abstract painters in the US. Wright and Russell used the â€Å"syncromy† style in their abstract paintings. The style was based on the artistic innovation, that sound and color have a connection. The idea behind Synchromism posited that colors in art can have the similar harmonious character as notes in music. The innovation behind the movement was that a painting can have the same complexity as music, if colors are arranged in scales. Contrary to other forms, Synchromism did not use lines, but only color and shape in artistic expressions. Having begun before the First World War, the movement posited that realism was no longer significant in visual art; there was need for a meaningful expression of art in the modern world (Scaglia, 2011). The culture of realism in the modern art world was fading; hence, the rise of the movement was attributed to the philosophy that innovation, and an artist’s feelings, as opposed to realism, was more dominant. Stanton MacDonald-Wright, Airplane Synchromy in Yellow-Orange (1920) Morgan Russell, Cosmic Synchromy (1913-14) The paintings by Wright and Russell display the use of color to come up with abstract paintings. The shapes illustrate the influence of imaginative artistic expression to come up ideas that are not in the realist physical nature. The style of the movement affects the graphic design of today by emphasizing on the use of color, particularly in the amount of hue used in painting. The intensity of color in contemporary art is an important factor to consider. Classical Realism               Ã‚  The movement became prominent towards the end of the 20th century. Designers in the movement regarded skill and beauty as imperative factors in their paintings (Scaglia, 2011). The movement’s style is edged on the visible world; this brings out its realism nature. Through an artist’s observation, he is in a position to bring out beauty and completeness (Scaglia, 2011). In Classical Realism, an artist concentrates on drawing and painting, and avoids mechanical aids. Classical Realism artists employ the artistic eye to explore harmony and skill in their paintings. A major cultural tenet behind the growth of Classical Realism is the belief that most artistic movements of the 20th century disregard the contribution of traditional art; hence, leading to the degradation of skill (Scaglia, 2011). Therefore, artists in this movement seek to restore the traditional concept of drawing and painting objects seen in the modern world. Jean-Là ©on Gà ©rà ´me. The artistic works illustrate the traditional art of drawing and painting objects from what people see. The emphasis on order, skill and harmony on the visual arts is a reflection of the realistic culture in artistic expressions. The movement influences modern graphic designs in using color to achieve harmony, and the utilization of skill. Expressionism               Ã‚  The movement started in Germany at the turn of the 20th century; Franz Marc and Alvar Cawà ©n were among the pioneer designers of the movement (Dijkstra, 2003). Stylistically, the movement sought to illustrate the world in a subjective perspective. In essence, artists in this movement sought to create meaning from their paintings, which was distant from the physical reality (Dijkstra, 2003). Artists achieve this through distorting the physical reality and evoking subjective emotional experience and mood. The growth of the movement in the early 20th century is attributed to the dehumanizing influence of industrialization. Moreover, expressionists were not in favor of realism; hence, sought to introduce an artistic style that would capitalize solely on the expressions of an artist. Alvar Cawà ©n, (Blind Musician), 1922 Franz Marc, Fighting Forms (1914) The paintings show an emphasis on the expression of emotion and mood. The paintings evoke a subjective meaning from what is intended in the physical world. The contemporary graphic industry draws inspiration from the movement through the use of color, foreground and background features to drive meaning. The Pop art movement               Ã‚  The Pop art movement begun in the 1950s in Britain and the United States; it was a break from the conventional orientations of art. Andy Warhol and Jasper Johns were among the prominent artists of the movement (Spilsbury, 2009). Argued as a reflection of modern art, the pop art movement introduced the use of imagery. The imagery used in the pop art movement derived its inspiration from the popular culture. Consequently, as a reflection of popular culture, pop art expressions are understood from the perspective of the approaches that produce them. The mass culture in the 1950s influenced the growth of the artistic movement; pop artists employed the images of the dominant culture in their graphic designs (Spilsbury, 2009).Technology also played an important role in the growth of the movement particularly in the expansion of abstract expressionism (Spilsbury, 2009). Andy Warhol, Campbell’s Soup I (1968) Jasper Johns, Flag 1954–1955 The artistic works by the above artists shows the reflection of the impact of popular culture in artistic expressions. Andy Warhol shows the influence of pop art in the advertising industry, while Jasper Johns expresses liberty as a popular culture through the representation of the flag. The movement influences contemporary graphic design by expanding the use of advertisement as an important platform of communication. Constructivism               Ã‚  The art movement, which started in 1919, popularized the use of art for social purposes. Experts assert that the movement sought to eliminate autonomy in art (Jones, 2006). Consequently, the growth of the movement is attributed to its participation in the Russian revolution. Constructivists came up with street designs that had social connotations during the revolution. During the early years of the movement, artists used their paintings as a means of communication to the people during the Russian civil war (Jones, 2006). The philosophy behind the movement was the advancement of social reconstruction. Constructivists used bright colors, arithmetic shapes and conspicuious lettering in their paintings in order to evoke emotions from the viewers and trigger deep understanding of the intended message. Vladimir Mayakovsky, An advertising construction (1921) Tatlin’s Tower (1919) The paintings above show the social connotations explored by constructivists. The use of bold colors and geometric shapes shows the intensity of communication developed by the artists. The constructivism movement affects modern graphic design by emphasizing on the use of art for social construction. Sensitizing people for political action through is an example of constructivist’s influence on contemporary art. Conclusion               Ã‚  Certainly, art is a dynamic phenomenon that represents the social, cultural and political expressions of different societies. The use of artistic features to demonstrate the influence of graphic design on a society shows that art is a powerful instrument; its ability to trigger emotional and objective connotations demonstrates its communication authority. References Dempsey, A. (2002). Art in the modern era: a guide to styles, schools & movements 1860 to the present. New York: Harry N. Abrams. Dijkstra, B. (2003). American expressionism: art and social change, 1920-1950. New York: H.N. Abrams, in association with the Columbus Museum of Art. Jones, A. (2006). A companion to contemporary art since 1945. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub..Scaglia, B. (2011). The aesthetic variable: defining the contemporary art movement of the 2000s (classical realism, relational art, street art, stuckism, superflat, and more). United States: Webster’s Digital Services? :. Spilsbury, R. (2009). Pop art. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library. Source document