The Power of Spoken Word Poetry Essay -- performing art

Each year, urban center High School holds a verse caf. During this event, many teenaged adults realise the opportunity to get up and perform for their peers. This past year, a plethora of preteen adults choose to perform mouth record poetry. Some buttd issues that fivefold people deal with and others expressing who they truly are within themselves. Spoken word poetry is a necessity to openly discuss the issues that affect todays youth.Spoken word poetry allows young adults to deal with issues of gang violence. Two young workforce by the names of Nate Marshall and Demetrius Amparan recite a spoken word poem scattered Count A love story because of the finale of children that occurred in their neighborhood in Chicago that year. The poets voice is value because they experienced firsthand the danger of growing up in the ghetto Though Marshalls bewilder worried about his long commute to Whitney Young, it was the walk though his suffer neighborhood that frightened her the mos t. One day, during his junior year, four thugs jumped him at 115th and Halsted Streets as he was getting off the bus on his way rest home from school(Turner Poets Tell Story of Chicago School Children Killed).With the streets cosmos so dangerous, mothers matter to about their kids simply walking to school. The fear of a child being shot in the streets is very real. Statistics from the crime lab at University of Chicago demonstrate this In the year of 2008, 510 people were killed and nearly early half were in the midst of the ages of ten to twenty-five and the majority of them being male (uchicago.edu). . Through the poem Lost count A Love Story, the two young men are telling a story of each of their classmates while speaking each name of a child that has died. Young adults in ... ... greater. Spoken word poetry shows great truths to the issues young adults experience today. The issues in our world tend to be over whelming. We need a voice and because of spoken word poets, we ou r provided with a way to.Works citedTurner, Dawn. Poets Tell Story of Chicago School Children Killed. Chicago Tribune. N.p., 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 14 whitethorn 2014. CRIME LAB. Report Gun Violence Among School-Age juvenility in Chicago. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014.The Truth about Children and Divorce. Emery on Divorce. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. Jason Taylor Foundation. Jason Taylor Foundation. N.P., N.d. web 15 May 2014Stlieber, Dave. The power of spoken word poetry. The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post.come, 12 Feb. 2014. Web.15 May 2014The Truth about Children and Divorce. Emery on Divorce. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. The Power of Spoken Word Poetry Essay -- performing artEach year, City High School holds a poetry caf. During this event, many young adults have the opportunity to get up and perform for their peers. This past year, a plethora of young adults choose to perform spoken word poetry. Some demonstrated issues that multiple people deal with and othe rs expressing who they truly are within themselves. Spoken word poetry is a necessity to openly discuss the issues that affect todays youth.Spoken word poetry allows young adults to deal with issues of gang violence. Two young men by the names of Nate Marshall and Demetrius Amparan recite a spoken word poem Lost Count A love story because of the death of children that occurred in their neighborhood in Chicago that year. The poets voice is valued because they experienced firsthand the danger of growing up in the ghetto Though Marshalls mother worried about his long commute to Whitney Young, it was the walk though his own neighborhood that frightened her the most. One day, during his junior year, four thugs jumped him at 115th and Halsted Streets as he was getting off the bus on his way home from school(Turner Poets Tell Story of Chicago School Children Killed).With the streets being so dangerous, mothers worry about their kids simply walking to school. The fear of a child being shot in the streets is very real. Statistics from the crime lab at University of Chicago demonstrate this In the year of 2008, 510 people were killed and nearly early half were between the ages of ten to twenty-five and the majority of them being male (uchicago.edu). . Through the poem Lost count A Love Story, the two young men are telling a story of each of their classmates while speaking each name of a child that has died. Young adults in ... ... greater. Spoken word poetry shows great truths to the issues young adults experience today. The issues in our world tend to be over whelming. We need a voice and because of spoken word poets, we our provided with a way to.Works citedTurner, Dawn. Poets Tell Story of Chicago School Children Killed. Chicago Tribune. N.p., 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 14 May 2014. CRIME LAB. Report Gun Violence Among School-Age Youth in Chicago. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014.The Truth about Children and Divorce. Emery on Divorce. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. Jason Taylor Fo undation. Jason Taylor Foundation. N.P., N.d. web 15 May 2014Stlieber, Dave. The power of spoken word poetry. The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post.come, 12 Feb. 2014. Web.15 May 2014The Truth about Children and Divorce. Emery on Divorce. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014.

How committed is Canada, with respect to environmental security in the

In Canada, concerns involving environmental security argon not the top priority. But collectible to recent research, Canada must be more conceptively commit to environmental security due to increasing environmental problems internationally. There are many ship canal Canada can stay committed to environmental security, for example, increased musical accompaniment to Canadas Department of National Defences purlieu Department. Also to stay committed to increased access and support to Voluntary environmental Programs crosswise Canada. Finally to completely stay up to world standards in environmental security, Canada must fulfil an effective environmental planning system. Throughout the essay, the topic at hand will be if Canada is able to implement these actions to make the nation more environmentally stable and explain that environmental security should be a main means of concern in Canada.Canadas Department of National Defence (DND) created the Environment Department on 1983. Wha t motivated the DND to do so was that there was an outrageous amount of environmental issues emerging in 1983 within Canada. The Environment Department started with energy conservation, then forestry and vegetation concerns, and on to storage tanks and sewage treatment facilities. Over time, the department realized that one of their main concerns was sites contaminated by prior troops practices, such as disposal of chemicals or ammunition. There is a policy in place for site closures and to ensure that the pollution of these sites is diminished. The policy is the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and it governs issues such as the acquisition of a new base or the closure of a facility. Many sites have been found across Canada and are under control but sadly the Environment ... ...meet all 8 steps in the environmental planning system. Therefore once these eight pieces of criteria are met, Canada will be strongly committed to environmental security.In conclusion, the steps need ed to make Canada more committed to environmental security are in place. It is up to the Canadian government and also the Canadian population to realize what is available and help our nation when it comes to environmental security. Whether it be increased funding to the DNDs Environment Department or increased accessibility and support to Canadian VEPs. And most importantly, meeting the eight steps of the environmental planning system. The nurture and resources are all there for Canada, the federal, provincial and local governments must now use these resources to improve the environmental security across the true north strong and free, the land we call home.

Biography of Ferdinand Porsche Essay -- essays research papers

Ferdinand Porsche was born in Maffersdorf, Austria ( presently in the Czech Republic) on September 3, 1875. At age 18 he found a job in Vienna. While working in Vienna he audited a few courses at the technical university for the only locomotive engineering training he ever received. A few years later he took his first job in the self-propelling industry with Jacob Lohner. There he was involved in the design of an electric car, the Lohner-Porsche. That first car by Porsche set land speed records in Austria, move up to a remarkable 35 miles per hour. later on he participated in the development of a mixed car using an internal combustion engine combined with electrical power. In 1905 he won the Austrian Poetting Prize as Austria?s outstanding automotive designer. On the strength of Porsche?s earliest work he was offered a position with the Austrian division of the Daimler automobile company (today Daimler/Chrysler) as its chief designer. After several successful designs of early Me rcedes he also worked on airplane engines, fire trucks, buses, enwrap electric generators and even an agricultural tractor. By 1923 he moved to the company?s headquarters in Stuttgart as technical director. There he veritable several more very successful Mercedes models. In 1924 the Technical College of Stuttgart awarded him an honorary doctoral degree in engineering on the basis of his achievements.Since his days at Austro-Daimler he had a personal dream of a mass produced automobile which could be produced cheaply exuberant to be affordable for the average citizen. He do a proposal for such a car to his employers at Mercedes-Benz, but was disappointed that there was no interest at Mercedes for his plan. Irritated, he left the company. In 1931 he founded his own compa... ...h the Distinguished Service Cross. In 1965 he was presented with an honorary doctoral degree by the Vienna Technical College. In 1972 Porsche converted the company into a stock company with shares available to the public. The family, however, retained essential control with family stock holdings and seats on the board of directors. The name of the company was retained, ?Dr. Ing. h.c.F. Porsche? but now with the addition of the letters AG (Aktiengesellschaft stock based company).Ferry Porsche was given numerous awards for achievement. In 1984 he was presented with the title of ?Professor? by the Minister-Prsident (Chief Minister) of the state of Baden-Wrttemberg, Lothar Spath. Porsche remained as the chairman of the board of Porsche until 1990 when he retired and became the honorary chairman. Ferdinand (Ferry) Porsche died at the age of 88 on March 27, 1998. record of Ferdinand Porsche Essay -- essays research papersFerdinand Porsche was born in Maffersdorf, Austria (now in the Czech Republic) on September 3, 1875. At age 18 he found a job in Vienna. While working in Vienna he audited a few courses at the technical university for the only engineering training he ever r eceived. A few years later he took his first job in the automotive industry with Jacob Lohner. There he was involved in the design of an electric car, the Lohner-Porsche. That first car by Porsche set land speed records in Austria, speeding up to a remarkable 35 miles per hour. Later he participated in the development of a mixed car using an internal combustion engine combined with electrical power. In 1905 he won the Austrian Poetting Prize as Austria?s outstanding automotive designer. On the strength of Porsche?s earlier work he was offered a position with the Austrian division of the Daimler automobile company (today Daimler/Chrysler) as its chief designer. After several successful designs of early Mercedes he also worked on airplane engines, fire trucks, buses, wind electric generators and even an agricultural tractor. By 1923 he moved to the company?s headquarters in Stuttgart as technical director. There he developed several more very successful Mercedes models. In 1924 the Te chnical College of Stuttgart awarded him an honorary doctoral degree in engineering on the basis of his achievements.Since his days at Austro-Daimler he had a personal dream of a mass produced automobile which could be produced cheaply enough to be affordable for the average citizen. He made a proposal for such a car to his employers at Mercedes-Benz, but was disappointed that there was no interest at Mercedes for his plan. Irritated, he left the company. In 1931 he founded his own compa... ...h the Distinguished Service Cross. In 1965 he was presented with an honorary doctoral degree by the Vienna Technical College. In 1972 Porsche converted the company into a stock company with shares available to the public. The family, however, retained essential control with family stock holdings and seats on the board of directors. The name of the company was retained, ?Dr. Ing. h.c.F. Porsche? but now with the addition of the letters AG (Aktiengesellschaft stock based company).Ferry Porsche was given numerous awards for achievement. In 1984 he was presented with the title of ?Professor? by the Minister-Prsident (Chief Minister) of the state of Baden-Wrttemberg, Lothar Spath. Porsche remained as the chairman of the board of Porsche until 1990 when he retired and became the honorary chairman. Ferdinand (Ferry) Porsche died at the age of 88 on March 27, 1998.

Essay --

phoenix Jacksons JourneyThe character of Phoenix is the protagonist in the A Worn Path, write by Eudora Welty. She is proud, loving, and determined. You see Phoenix Jackson on her long and difficult journey to get medicine for her sick grandson. The story is t doddering from the third-person point of view. Though she was face with many obstacles on her journey to the city, by dint of the devotion and love she had for her grandson we see what type of person she really is.Phoenix Jackson survives the great depression, which tells us that she is an elder woman who is very wise, and peradventure a little scattered. In the beginning of the story, Phoenix is on a journey, she walks slowly in the dark pine shadows through the pinewoods. The author introduces Phoenix, as an old black woman and the author writes, Far out in the country there was an old Negro woman with her read/write head tied in a red rag, coming along the path through the pinewoods (183). The reason why she is takin g such a long send into town is because her grandson is very sick, and she unavoidably to get medication for his throat. Despite P... Essay -- Phoenix Jacksons JourneyThe character of Phoenix is the protagonist in the A Worn Path, written by Eudora Welty. She is proud, loving, and determined. You see Phoenix Jackson on her long and difficult journey to get medicine for her sick grandson. The story is told from the third-person point of view. Though she was faced with many obstacles on her journey to the city, through the devotion and love she had for her grandson we see what type of person she really is.Phoenix Jackson survives the great depression, which tells us that she is an older woman who is very wise, and maybe a little scattered. In the beginning of the story, Phoenix is on a journey, she walks slowly in the dark pine shadows through the pinewoods. The author introduces Phoenix, as an old black woman and the author writes, Far out in the country there was a n old Negro woman with her head tied in a red rag, coming along the path through the pinewoods (183). The reason why she is taking such a long trip into town is because her grandson is very sick, and she needs to get medication for his throat. Despite P...

My Hero, My Grandfather Essay example -- Personal Narrative

My Hero, My GrandfatherMy grandfather was a very loving man, he loved his family more than anything he hadknown. The scarce thing that could compare to his love for his family, was his love for his country. In his life he would have to make many sacrifices for his country, and the second would be supporting his wife and kids. He took on hardships with ease, he always had a certain calmness to him, this is something I idolize about him, I would like to learn how to act this way. Hes my hero because he was special, not like anyone else I have ever met, he knew he was special, and he never he never flaunted it. In this essay I will try to paint a picture of my hero, and give examples of why my grandfather is my hero.In January of 1933, my grandfather was born in the bittie Pennsylvania town of McKeesRocks. The second of five children, an older sister Joan, and three little brothers Terrance, John, and Jerome, all to their parents Robert W. Hileman and Katheryn Conolly Hileman. My grandfathers childhood was difficult, because it was part of this depression. When he was a kid his viands was rationed, his family was only allowed so much of certain items sugar, meat, butter, and other certain things. When he was cardinal years old, he got a job at a delicatessen food slicing meat, he did this to help his family out, this demonstrates that even at a young age he was willing to do some(prenominal) it took to help out what with he called the cause, or his family.His parents were very hard workers, his father was an air brake mechanic, at thePittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, he would put in long hard hours, to support his family. His stupefy was forced to work during World War II, she worked at a mill doing riveting work, later she worked at Bell Telephone. They were a very loving family, but work came first, this left very little time for their kids. My grandfather being the oldest son, was expected to help out more, one time when he was about twelve years old, his mom told him Bobby, go to the store, and bulge me some bread he said OK. Even though he did not want to go get it, he did it anyway, but as he went to get the bread, he became angry that he had to go get it, so when he got back to the house he had thrown the bread onto the roof of the house. This story has great meaning to me, becauseit was very rare that he would act out this extreme, espec... ...al use, instead of saving it for the soldiers who needed it. He would also tell me stories about how he and his friends would acquire food, by eating dog, tree bark, and broken up watermelon. He told me a story about when he was hungry, and he went into a territory occupied by the enemy to steal pieces of watermelon for himself and his friends. This is another example of him making sacrifices. he told me I signed up to find adventure, like John Wayne, and boy did I get it. Sometimes I think this was a dumb reason, but I respect that he washonest, and told me one rea son he wanted to go to war, he also said he thought it would have been better than what he had at home.When he retired, he and my grandmother would go on many vacations, many would be topatriotic sites like Gettysburg, Washington DC, Virginia, and even some historic sites in Canada. By doing this he showed his love for his country, and history itself, he would do everything to the fullest. He raised his family to the best of his ability, he was a good family man, and a hard worker that endured whatever confronted him. This is why he is my hero, because of his strength and his will to make sacrifices.

My Hero, My Grandfather Essay example -- Personal Narrative

My Hero, My GrandfatherMy grandfather was a very lovely man, he loved his family more than anything he hadknown. The only thing that could compare to his love for his family, was his love for his country. In his life he would have to make many sacrifices for his country, and the second would be promoteing his wife and cods. He took on hardships with ease, he always had a certain calmness to him, this is something I idolize ab out(p) him, I would like to learn how to act this way. Hes my hero because he was special, not like anyone else I have ever met, he knew he was special, but he neer he never flaunted it. In this essay I will try to paint a picture of my hero, and give examples of why my grandfather is my hero.In January of 1933, my grandfather was born in the small Pennsylvania town of McKeesRocks. The second of five children, an older sister Joan, and three little brothers Terrance, John, and Jerome, all to their parents Robert W. Hileman and Katheryn Conolly Hileman. My grandfathers childhood was difficult, because it was part of this depression. When he was a kid his food was rationed, his family was only allowed so much of certain items sugar, meat, butter, and other certain things. When he was twelve years old, he got a job at a deli slicing meat, he did this to help his family out, this demonstrates that even at a young age he was willing to do whatever it took to help out what with he called the cause, or his family.His parents were very hard doers, his father was an air brake mechanic, at thePittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, he would put in long hard hours, to support his family. His mother was forced to work during World War II, she worked at a mill doing riveting work, later she worked at Bell Telephone. They were a very loving family, but work came first, this left very little time for their kids. My grandfather being the oldest son, was expected to help out more, one time when he was somewhat twelve years old, his mom told hi m Bobby, go to the store, and get me some bread he said OK. Even though he did not want to go get it, he did it anyway, but as he went to get the bread, he became angry that he had to go get it, so when he got back to the mansion house he had thrown the bread onto the roof of the house. This story has great meaning to me, becauseit was very rare that he would act out this extreme, espec... ...al use, instead of saving it for the soldiers who required it. He would also tell me stories almost how he and his friends would acquire food, by eating dog, tree bark, and broken up watermelon. He told me a story about when he was hungry, and he went into a territory occupied by the enemy to steal pieces of watermelon for himself and his friends. This is another example of him making sacrifices. he told me I write up to find adventure, like John Wayne, and boy did I get it. Sometimes I think this was a dumb reason, but I evaluate that he washonest, and told me one reason he wanted to go to war, he also said he thought it would have been better than what he had at home.When he retired, he and my grandmother would go on many vacations, many would be topatriotic sites like Gettysburg, Washington DC, Virginia, and even some historic sites in Canada. By doing this he showed his love for his country, and history itself, he would do everything to the fullest. He raised his family to the best of his ability, he was a good family man, and a hard worker that endured whatever confronted him. This is why he is my hero, because of his strength and his will to make sacrifices.

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Essay

Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 was an Austrian neurologist who would later go on to found the discipline of psycho analysis. He is best know for his theories of the unconscious mind mind and repression and his concept of the dynamic unconscious suggesting that it is our unconscious mind that determines how we as mortals be soak up, Freud alike believed that the unconscious mind established sexual drives as the dominant motivation of human life. He considered the unconscious mind as world the source of cordial energy which determined behaviour, basing his findings on the military issues of his use of hypnosis where he found that he was able to produce and call for symptoms of hysteria.There save been numerous approaches in the issue of psychology that have put forward the belief that behaviour is directed by an individuals goals unless the idea crapper a purposeful unconscious is an certain Freudian concept. The main underlying belief of this system is that both individual s behaviour is the direct result of the influences that prior lasts have had on them where these influences have an even greater effect if they ar from our small fryhood. Freud believed that our early experiences create the solid foundations on which we would build the structure of our life and that the adult nature is indeed formed in infanthood according to the situations, word and feelings experienced as a child.Freud defined the human psyche as comprising of trine parts, the unconscious or sub-conscious containing temporal that we be unable to bring into our conscious aw areness and therefore unknowable. The preconscious which consists of information that is not at the correspond moment in our conscious awareness and is stored in our memory and can if need be easily recalled to the conscious level and the conscious part of our mind which is where all current and new entering content is processed. Within these parts operate the Id, the ego and the Super Ego that wor k together to create complex human behaviours. The Id is the only part of our personality that is present from birth and is entirely unconscious, seeking instant gratification and fulfilling instinctive human needs. The Id is governed by the pleasure convention desiring the fulfilment of all desires, needs and wants. If these are not immediately satisfied this results in a state of anxiety or tension.The Id serves of great importance early on in life, a child will cry as aresult of their Id if they are hungry or in discomfort and ensures that their needs are met. Later on in life it is not always realistic or indeed possible to immediately satisfy such needs, it would be virtuously and socially un pleasant for us to just help ourselves to other states things in order to satisfy our own needs and wants and so later in childhood our Ego comes in to play. The Ego is responsible for dealing with reality and forms to ensure that the impulses of the Id are satisfied in a way that is gratifying to the real world and functions in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious parts of our mind. The reality principle weighs up the pros and cons of an action before deciding whether or not to act upon the impulse. Often the impulses of the Id can be satisfied but through delayed gratification with the Ego allowing the behaviour at an appropriate judgment of conviction and coiffure. The Ego is a part of the Id that has been somewhat modified and rounded by external factors in the environment in which we live.Freud originally used the word Ego to mean a sense of self but later revised it to represent a set of psychic functions such as judgement, control, intellectual functioning and memory. Finally we find our Super Ego. The Super Ego is the part of our personality that holds our morals and ideals that we have acquired from our parents and environment and acts as a voice for right and wrong. As with the Ego it is present in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious parts of our mind. The Super Ego consists of two parts, the Ego ideal which sets out the rules and standards for good behaviour. Conformity to behaviours that are approved of by our parents and people in positions of authority give us feelings of pride and accomplishment. The second part of the Ego is the Conscience which holds information on all the things that are viewed as being bad by our parents and the society in which we live. Behaviours that are forbidden or at the very least frowned upon and fill us with feelings of guilt and remorse. The perfection principle of the Super Ego strives to suppress any unacceptable desires of the Id and to make our Ego act upon idealistic rather than realistic standards.One of Freuds better known theories and also one of the most controversial is that of psycho-sexual development. He proposed that an instinctual libido is present in all of us from birth and develops in five gives. First is the oral coiffure which occurs from birth up until a round the age of eighteen months. The main focus here being thegratification and pleasures the infant receives through feeding. Children in this stage place objects into their mouths in order to orally explore their environment. At this young age the child is entirely dependent on their carers and thus develops a sense of give and comfort in relation to those carers.This stage is dominated by the Id as at this point the Ego and Superego have not yet fully real and all actions are based on the Pleasure Principle. The key experience for a child in the oral stage of development is weaning, allowing the child to experience less dependent on their caretakers. Freud said that too much or too little gratification may lead to an oral fixation, which Freud claimed could result in them developing a passive, immature, manipulative personality. This fixation could present in an adult as issues with eating, smoking, nail biting and aggression.The second stage of psycho-sexual development is t he anal stage taking place between around 18 months to three years old. Freud believed at this stage that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling vesica and bowel movements. Toilet training is the key experience here which brings into conflict the Id that demands immediate gratification and the Ego that demands delayed gratification. The resulting outcome of this conflict is severely influenced by the parenting style that a child receives during toilet training. The ideal resolution of this conflict is a gradual adjustment whereby the child adjusts to moderate parental demands, learning the determine of physical cleanliness and self control.Freud suggested that if parents over-emphasized toilet training or punished accidents then the child may develop what we term as an anally retentive personality, with the potential to accommodate obsessively concerned with neatness and order. On the other hand if the parents were too lenient then the child may develop an anally exp ulsive and destructive personality whereby they are self-indulgent, messy and wasteful. Faeces and money are often linked in psychodynamic literature and according to Freudian theory attitudes to money can reveal what the individual experienced during toilet training.The third stage of psycho-sexual development is the phallic stage taking place between the ages of three and six. During this time a child set forths to establish awareness of its body and also the bodies of their parents and otherchildren, in particular genitalia. They begin to explore their genitals and learn the physical differences between male and female. During this stage boys experience what Freud termed as the Oedipus complex whereby the child wishes to remove his fix in order to gain full attention of his mothers affections. This urge to eliminate the father is controlled by what he termed as castration anxiety and so instead the child learns to imitate the father. Girls experience what Carl Jung in 1913 ter med as the Electra complex where instead she wishes to remove the mother in order to gain full possession of her father.Freud however rejected this term as being psycho-analytically inaccurate believing that the reasoning behind the Oedipus complex applied only to male children and that it was wrong to share this analogy between the two sexes. He did however believe that girls experienced what he termed as penis envy and that initially the child experiences a lot of anger towards their mother for not sharing the same appendage as their father but in time they learn to identify with their mother in order to possess their father. Freud was very much influenced by the death of his father in 1896. In the three years following the death of his father, Freud became preoccupied with self-analysis where he realised that he had keep knock down feelings of anger and resentment against his father. He believed that as a small boy he had been in love with his mother and was jealous of his fath er. Freud based his theory of early sexual development on personal theory instead of exploring further using empirical methods.The one-fourth stage of psycho-sexual development is the latency stage taking place from around the age of six up until puberty. During this stage the child enters into a sexually dormant period, consolidating the habits of the previous three stages. The Ego and Superego take precedence over the Id due(p) to the childs refutation mechanisms repressing its instinctual drives during the phallic stage. Now that gratification is delayed, the child is driven to derive pleasure from external activities such as friendships, education and hobbies. Any neuroses established during this fourth stage of psycho-sexual development may be due to the unresolved issues of the Oedipus complex or the Egos failure to focus on socially acceptable activities.The fifth and final stage of psycho-sexual development is the genital stagethat spans from puberty throughout the remain der of adult life. As with the phallic stage the genital stage is focussed upon genitalia but in this instance the sexuality is consensual and more often involving another adult in the form of a kinship rather than being solitary and infantile. This is due to the establishment of the Ego which shifts attention away from primary-drive gratification to secondary process thinking and to satisfy desire in a more symbolic and intellectual way through loving relationships, friendships and family. The genital stage is the time when a person is able to resolve any psycho-sexual childhood conflicts that they may have and allows psychological detachment and independence from their parents.In previous stages focus was placed solely on individual needs, now the wellbeing of others comes strongly into play and if all stages have been completed successfully then Freud believed that the individual should be a well-balanced and fully functioning person. Unfortunately it isnt all that simple and t he Id, the Ego and the Super Ego continuously come into conflict with one another. The Ego has to work to control the demands of the Id whilst at the same time having regard for the restrictions placed upon it by the Super Ego. At times these desires and constraints cause conflict that our Ego is unable to deal with resulting in anxiety and stress.Freud identified three types of anxiety, firstly neurotic anxiety which occurs through fear that we will lose control of the Ids urges and the resulting punishment for inappropriate behaviour. Secondly reality anxiety which is a fear of external occurrences often culminating in phobias, we are able to reduce such anxiety by avoiding the threatening object or situation. Thirdly is moral anxiety from a fear of violating our own moral principles and values that have been set down by our Super Ego. Neurosis also figured heavily in Freuds psycho-analytical theory. He proposed that neurosis occurs when the Ego is unable to deal with desires tha t produce feelings of guilt and a sense of wrong. Through repression these thoughts manifest themselves through symptoms that have no physical dysfunction.The mental illness acts as a replacement for the guilt ridden desires of the Id allowing the Ego to avoid the conflict between itself and the Id. Such symptoms however are worse than the conflict they set out to hide, not only stopping the individual from being accepting of their repressed desires butalso causing them to become socially incapable of enjoying a happy and healthy life. He also believed that neurosis can be triggered by a traumatic childhood event that the individual is unable to handle. Often such experiences give rise to feelings of guilt that we seek to repress through use of various displacement mechanisms. Sometimes these repressed memories make their way back into our conscious minds in a different form producing a great amount of anxiety in turn triggering psychological disorders that seek to block out the rea l cause.Psychoanalytical therapy has proved productive in being able to help a client uncover unconscious defence mechanisms and help them find better ways of dealing with their anxiety or removing it all together. Psycho-analysis opened up a new view regarding the treatment of mental illness, suggesting that psychological distress could be reduced through talking about their problems with a therapist. The work of Freud was responsible for bringing about a greater soul of behaviour that was unusual and differences were no longer automatically equated as unacceptable, with understanding comes greater tolerance. He radically changed the view of sexuality making it an acceptable topic of conversation and a natural part of a healthy, happy life. The approach is also credited with highlighting the importance of childhood and our unconscious mind. disrespect the influential effect of his theories Freud is open to numerous criticisms. legion(predicate) psychologists have adopted his idea s but there has been a great deal of modernisation on his original views. Carl Jung who was a pupil of Freuds even disagreed with certain aspects of his theories in particular Freuds reliance on sex as the answer to many problems. Jung went on to develop his own theories known as Analytical Psychology. Erich Fromm rejected Freuds view that the drives of the human being are solely biological, believing instead that it was down to our exemption of choice and ability to choose our own destiny. He believed any conflict arose as a result of the fear or uncertainty which that freedom entailed. Feminists are particularly critical of the work of Freud due to the sexist nature of many of his ideas.Neo-Freudian Karen Horney proposed that instead of penis envy girls in fact developed agency envy and that in their inability to bearchildren men develop womb and vagina envy. Scientifically the validity of Freuds theory of psycho-sexual development is brought in to question due to his perceived p ersonal fixation on human sexuality and the phallic stage of development proved controversial for being based upon clinical observations of the Oedipus complex. Many were critical of the fact that a lot of Freuds ideas were based on sideslip studies or clinical observations rather than empirical, scientific research.Contemporary criticism questions the universality of Freuds theory of personality and psycho-sexual development. Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski studied the matriarchal society of the Trobriand where young boys are punished by their maternal uncles not their fathers and thus suggested that in this case power is the source of Oedipal conflict not sexual jealousy. Contemporary research has also confirmed that although personality traits corresponding to the oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital stages are apparent they are not necessarily fixed stages of childhood or indeed adult personality traits that were derived from childhood.While there is no denying that Fr eud is of great historical entailment and he developed many ground breaking theories and ideas some of which still hold relevance today although many over time have been discredited. It must then be said that Freuds theory of psychosexual development may in some cases offer us a limited understanding of a clients issue it would not be ethical practice to rely entirely on this theory when working with a client. imputable to its lack of credibility in many areas, Freuds theory cannot be implemented as a full explanation or means with which to begin the process of understanding and healing.BibliographyFrankland, A. and Sanders, P. 1995. Next steps in counselling. Manchester PCCS Books. pp.70-76Hough, M. 2006. Counselling Skills and Theory. 2nd ed. London Hodder Arnold, pp. 59-86.Malinowski, B. 1927. Sex and repression in savage society. e-book London Routledge and Kegan Paul. http//openlibrary.org/books/OL17967917M/Sex_and_repression_in_savage_society Accessed 1st July 2013.Cherry, K . n.d.. Freuds Stages of psychosexual Development. online Available at http//psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/psychosexualdev.htm Accessed 19 Jun 2013. Copperwiki.org. 1950. Human Centred Psychotherapy CopperWiki. online Available at http//www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Human_Centred_Psychotherapy Accessed 01 Jul 2013 En.wikipedia.org. 2013. Psychosexual development Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. online Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosexual_development Accessed 01 Jul 2013. http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072969806/286620/fei69806_ch02

Elegy for Drowned Children by Bruce Dawe Essay

Elegy for Drowned Children is a poem written by Australian poet Bruce Dawe in the 1960s. An elegy is a sad poem or song that laments the death of a person. This poem implies that the persona had a close relationship with soulfulness who had drowned or loss their child to drowning.This poem has five four-lined stanzas. The first and last lines rhyme with distrisolelyively other while the middle two lines rhyme with each other. This creates a song like quality to the poem. The first three stanzas of the poem end with questions. This structures the idea of parents mourning with unanswered questions. The last two stanzas are enjambed. This gives the yield of the parents realizing theres no point in questioning their deaths but to be at peace with it. This poem is giving some consolation to the mountain who have lost loved ones, mainly children, to drowning. The poem frequently refers to Greek mythology.There is an old male monarch whom is assumed to be the Greek god of the marine P oseidon, who resides in the sea and takes care of drowned children. In this poem, the old king takes a shining haul of children with his sure net. This suggests that many children have been taken by him. The occasion of the word sure implies that no one is really safe from him and that it is fated to happen. It could also mean humans cannot prevent nor control the ocean. However, the persona describes his care as solicitous and tender. This expresses that the king is kind and caring to the children. In an effort to ease the parents distress, the use of mythology conveys the notion that the children are not just gone but sort of they are being taken care of in a safe kingdom.Dawe uses a simile when describing the parents who are, calling like birds by the piddles edge. This use of simile creates the image of frantic and alarmed parents repeatedly calling out the names of the children who have drowned. The significance of using birds instead of any other animal is to create an imag e that there are many parents who have experienced their children drowning and they collectively call out to the water for the king to return them. The persona also uses simile when describing the boys who visit their parents dreams who are fluid as porpoises.This comparison to the boys to porpoises suggest the bittersweet idea that the boys have been down in the ocean for so long that they have become accustomed to swimmingin the oceans and into their parents dreams. The persona also uses imagery when describing the boys skin as moonlit. This could be literal or symbolic. Literally, it could mean the boys skin is as pale as the moon. However, symbolically, it could be skin that has not been in the sweet sun, which is life.The use of alliteration in the line From leaden-lidded sleep, softly to steal slows the tone of the poem down. This creates a dream like quality to the rhythm of the poem which mirrors the actual words of the poem. The repeating of the word upward in the last sta nza helps create the dream like quality. It quickens the rhythm of the poem and emanates excitement. This could be a reflection of the emotions of the parents when having a dream nigh their children.This poem uses many techniques to convey its main ideas. It is a comforting poem for people who have lost their children to the water. The poem is relevant to us as Australians because we are community that spends a significant amount of time by the beach and in the water. We are also a community that has many deaths caused by drowning.

Gaelic football Essay

My chosen sport is Gaelic football and my local floorshow is called Roger Casements GAC which is situated in the medium sized t give of Portglenone. The association was founded in 1940. It is a GAA club with the aim The GAA is a community based volunteer organisation promoting Gaelic Games, culture and lifelong participation (www.gaa.ie).There argon 9 teams in my club ranging from under 6 years to seniors, with 20 -25 players on each panel. The club is organised by an elected committee comprising 12 people and assisted by the backroom team for the organisation and management of the teams. The club is the pride of the community with many paying members, 300 in total. The Antrim county maturate organises fixtures for senior players whereas the southwest Antrim board organises matches at juvenile levels.Development from Grass Roots to EliteGrass Roots The lowest level in Roger Casements is the under 6 team which trains each week and play bantam scale friendly matches against oth er local teams. Skill development is the main focus at this young age.Schools The secondary schools in the commonwealth similarly support the development of young players. Local schools such as St. Louis and St. Marys have a high reputation of producing successful Gaelic teams. The standard of competition increases progressively through the age groups as players have overture a higher level of coaching and better training facilities. friendship Players progress through the age-groups until they reach senior level, the pinnacle of club football where they compete in the county championship and the county league with the aim of becoming All- County champions.Elite The elect level for a Gaelic player is the senior county level i.e. elite. To play for ones county is a great achievement.Regional Development Squadnether age playersSenior County playerMajority of club players and SchoolFinances of the clubThe club raises finances in a number of waysThe weekly club lotto.Advertising panels around the return to attract the capital of local businesses.Sponsorship by local businesses in return for the name and logo being feature on the team jersey.Additional social events at the pavilion such as a fancy dress Halloween ball, the X-factor, Golf days and Tribute Acts. accession receipts from matches.Members pay an annual fee of twenty pounds which includes insurance for the players.. The Lottery funding project is supporting Casements Gac in the provision of new facilities as atomic number 18 the Antrim county board.FacilitiesThe club benefits from the use of private facilities, bought and paid for over fifty years. It owns its own land consisting of one pitch and high quality changing rooms. Casements also own a club pavilion with a bar and indoor hall which is available to the general public. There is also a local Gaelic pitch owned by the district council which helps the club avail of the use of fructifyed public sector facilities.Local schools, colleges and clubsThe local schools genuinely get on healthful with each other and allow their facilities to be used for community use. We train in our own pitch, a community pitch or the school pitch. Casements facilities argon largely open for community use and other teams may book them by request. Gaelic football is now a major sport with schools as it is taught on the curriculum. The local primary school encourages young children to join Casements to develop their game. Post-primary schools help to further develop a player and work well with my club in organising facilities and training.Club SchemesThe club runs many GAA accredited schemes such as the mini 7s, Cl Camp and internal club destine schemes. The club has a prize giving ceremony every year in which the player of the year and most improved awards are presented. The club also runs a Cl camp to develop the FUNdamental skills of the younger players with the emphasis on fun as well as skill (www.rogercasementsgac.com).The club within the voluntary sector as it is run and financed by volunteers. The GAA is a voluntary organisation where managers and players volunteer to take part. Officials are paid a small sum to encourage officiating and as there are small numbers.Disabled MembersUnfortunately, locally there are no GAA activities for the disabled. However proper access is availoable and everyone is made to feel part of the community. Disabled members also have the chance to manage and help to develop young players.Gender issuesThe club caters for mens Gaelic football and ladies camogie at all ages. Unfortunately there is a gender bias within the GAA as a whole as women arent allowed to compete with the males. Casements doesnt cater for a mens hurling team or a womens Gaelic team. Lack of numbers is a major influence.I can safely link my role as a leader and performer at my local club. It has clearly developed me as a performer from a young age and this has given me the characteristics and qualities necessary to be a leader. There are also opportunities to become involved in coaching and officiating from a young age e.g. young whistlers and coaching foundation course where there are regular classes in local areas. These are run by the Ulster Council and are generally free to members of the GAA.CritiqueSourcing my information for this study was relatively easy due to the varied supply of information. What I did go on less pleasing was the fact that there arent any real efforts currently being made within the GAA to adapt the game for people with disabilities, contradictory some other sports. This is an area for potential development by the GAA. Female participation is well established in the county and indeed in Ireland but unfortunately, in my club, there arent sufficient numbers interested to warrant a team. There are few local public sector facilities available which limit the clubs use of these e.g. leisure centres and gyms.Bibliographywww.rogercasementsgac.comwww.antrim.gaa.iewww.gaa .ieRoger Casements GAC-A history of 60 yearswww.google.co.uk/images

Worldwide Food Shortage

These new factors ar related to economic systems, political issues, alternative energies and fuels or globose warm up and climate change. As we can read in an article by Lester Brown published in Scientific the Statesn Magazine, one of the toughest things for people to do Is to anticipate sudden change. (2009) This quote helps us understanding the crawls In countries fall uponed by flooding or droughts. Other natural disasters hard to predict and having a substantial Impact on basic pabulum production are earthquakes and tsunamis. These phenomenons have the power to paralyze any agricultural activity among others.When these natural disasters affect countries with a poor economy, the situation is even worse as they do not have enough resources to recover and things are likely to become slender to the point where the population is affected by malnutrition and dies of hunger. Africa has been long known as the continent with the worst problems concerning food shortages In most of their countries, mainly due because of the savory temperatures causing severe uncontrollable droughts and water shortages. The situation in these countries has not only immediate implications on population, only when similarly makes it very official for economies to develop.Unfortunately, because of the escape of food many diseases would easily spread and be difficult to overcome, since the countries are poor. To Illustrate the state of some African countries we will be citing a stately affirmation published In an article by Marc Gunter, senior writer for Fortune Magazine The average American pet will consume to a greater extent resources than the average African and have better medical care as well. (2008) The same poor economical environment in countries of Central and South America had facilitated over the years, food shortages following either droughts or flooding.In 2001 for instance, a severe drought has compromised the crops across Central America. Countries like Hondur as, Guatemala and El Salvador have been seriously affected. (Taylor, 2002) These countries are predominately rural and produce grains and coffee for export. This is the other aspect of local food shortages it can extend to affect other importing countries as well, forcing the increase in termss for some congenital foods. As we could see so far in this analysis, droughts are not the only factors having the power to severely affect food production, but their opposite, flooding has the same vegetating erect. Entries all around ten world , In Europe, Salsa, Australia, ten Americas, they all have experienced food shortages due to flooding. A well production depends thus on balanced weather conditions. This might be however difficult to achieve, thinking that for centuries nature has been unpredictable, and its getting worse due to spheric warming. An article published in Fortune Magazine presents the Pentagons weather nightmare, global warming, as a surging problem, and predicts that a cooling in the Northern hemisphere will trigger longer and rasher winters in most European countries as well as in the United States.The same conditions will also cause according to the same source, severe droughts which will turn farmland to dust bowls and forests to ashes. (Strip,2004) Food shortages could arise from animal diseases, like the mad-cow disease, which caused a global meat shortage in 1996, and affected mainly the Great Britain, where people have died from consuming the meat coming from infected animals. Same situation has happened with poulet and pork later in the decade. A major issue nowadays is the price of oil.In a global economy heavily relying on amerce, import and export, the price of oil could have a significant impact on the cost of production. Some countries are seriously affected and decide to drop the production for essential foods, since its cost could become higher than the selling price. While some countries, usually developing countries, are str uggling to survive on a low food supply, dealing with starvation and diseases, others might as well have an overage in production of basic food. We can analyze these countries food overage from a humanitarian and ethical perspective, depending on what their decision is regarding the surplus.How many countries decide to distribute their overage to unprivileged nations, and how many simply dispose of the extra production? Great Britain for instance, estimates that to a greater extent than 30% of their food is thrown away and thus UK might be the worst in the world for waste. The cost of the wasted food is estimated to be surrounded by 8 and 16 billion pounds a year. (Vidal, 2005) This is Just an example of how food is wasted in some countries or Just individually in reliable households. In the context of long time food crisis around the world, this waste is highly unethical and shows low commitment to the global welfare.

Should Any Vaccines Be Required for Children?

SHOULD ANY VACCINES BE REQUIRED FOR CHILDREN? SHOULD ANY VACCINES BE REQUIRED FOR CHILDREN? Most inoculations protect people from certain complaints which exclusivelytocks make them sick, disable or stool in some cases even kill them. The inoculation helps boosts peoples bodys defence administration, in addition discernn as the resistant musical arrangement. Vaccines create immunity which protects people from transmission systems without causing suffering of the illness itself. Vaccines do-nothing also be called snap beans, immunizations or exigencyles. (Smith, n. d. ) Most vaccinums contain a unsoundness that is either in truth weak or dead.However, they do non contain a type of disease that can make people sick. Some vaccinums do non contain any germs at all. Putting that little bit of disease in billet the body makes the bodys defence system make water antibodies which fight complete that kind of disease. The body makes antibodies in two contrary ways, sens ation way is by getting the disease or the vaccine, all the same getting the vaccine is much safer when making the antibodies without having the risk of expire disabled or maybe dying. The antibodies stay with the clement for a very unyielding period of time.These antibodies esteem how to fight off a certain disease, which means that if the germ ca intakes that disease enters the body at a later date, the bodys defence system will automatically know how to fight it off because of the antibodies. Most of the time the bodys defence system will remember how to fight the disease/germ for the rest of the humans feel. However, sometimes defence systems need a little reminder, a booster shot to remind the defence system how to fight off the disease/germ. In the jump two years of a babys life they ar wedded several different vaccines to protect them.The table below shows each vaccine that a baby gets all the way up to six years old. The table also shows how numerous do drugss a babys get of each vaccine and when they argon given them. The majority of babies do not fool side effects from vaccines, however if they do they atomic enactment 18 normally nothing skillful. Some vaccines may cause low fever, a rash or soreness at the spot where the shot was given. Although the body may seem like it is getting sick after the vaccination, these reactions atomic number 18 good signs that the insubordinate system is working and learning to fight off contagions ((CDC), n. . ). In rargon cases, a baby may bedevil a serious allergic reaction to a vaccine. Signs of a serious allergic reaction include * Breathing problems and wheezing * Swelling of the throat * Being hoarse * Weakness * Dizziness * Fast heartbeat * Hives * Paleness ((CDC), n. d. ) Vaccinations ar dissolute and highly effective. Once a chela has been shoot against a disease, their body can then fight that disease more effectively if they come into bear upon with it. If a child is not immunize d they can have an increased risk of catching the illness. (CDC), n. d. ) Age Vaccine Information Problems 2 Months old 5-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib) The 5-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib) vaccine is apply to protect against separate disease which include Diphtheria, tetanus, Whooping spit out, Polio and Haemophilus influenza type b. (NHS, n. d. ) Diphtheria Can be a highly contagious infection that familiarly affects the throat and nose and less commonly, it can affect the skin. The bacteria spreads when an infected person expectorates or sneezes and their saliva enter another persons nose or mouth.The symptoms of Diphtheria include * High temperature (fever) * Sore throat * Breathing difficultiesTetanus Tetanus is a very serious infection but is also very rare. It is caused by bacteria. It normally occurs when an open wound becomes contaminated. If it is not treated it may train to complications which can end up world fatal. Tetanus is caused by a type of bacteria called Clostridium tentai. Thi s bacteria can cash in ones chips in many different substances which include * Soil * House dust * Animal and human waste (manure)Whooping Cough Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the lungs and airways.The conditions usually begin with a continuing dry and irritating cough which then progresses into intense coughing. This is then followed by a distinctive whooping noise, which is how the condition gets its name. Symptoms include * Runny or blocked nose * Sneezing * water eyes * Dry, irritating cough * Sore throat * Raised temperature * Feeling generally unwell. Polio Polio is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis, breathing problems and even death.Although infantile paralysis can cause paralysis and death the vast majority of people who are infected with the polio do not become sick and are never aware theyve been infected with polio. Signs and Symptoms will generally last one to ten days, these include * pyrexia * Sore Throat * Headache * Vomiting * Fatigue * Back pain or severeness * Neck or stiffness * Pain or stiffness in arms or legs * Muscle spasms or tendernessHaemophilus influenza type b This is a bacterial infection that can cause a count of serious illnesses much(prenominal) as pneumonia or meningitis, especially in offspring children.Hib can cause any of the following infections * Meningitis * Pneumonia * Pericarditis * Epig massestitis * Septic arthritis * CellulitisSome of these infections can lead to occupation poisoning, which can be fatal. Symptoms of this include * Fever * Lethargy * Vomiting * Stiff neck(NHS, n. d. ) 2 Months old Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine The Pneumococcal vaccine is used to protect infants and young children against the caused by a bacterium. There are currently three PCV vaccines for sale. (Wikipedia, n. d. The Pneumococcal disease is caused by a bacterium, which can lead to serious infections in the lungs, rootage and brain. You can catch the bacteria from peop le who cough or sneeze around you. Even if you get good medical care pneumonia can be deadly. The disease is hard to treat because the bacterium becomes resistant to antibiotics. Some common symptoms include * A high temperature * Chills * Sweats * Aches and pains * Headache * A general sense of feeling unwell Other symptoms may include * Nausea * Vomiting * Tiredness(NHS, n. d. 3 months old 5-in-1 (DTap/IPV/Hib) Vaccine Second Dose This vaccine is used to protect against separate diseases Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping cough, Polio and Haemophilus influenza type b. This vaccine is a booster because your memory cells may need a reminder to protect you from the disease. (NHS, n. d. ) tint to 2 months- 5-in-1 (DTap/IPV/Hib) Vaccine. If the second dose of the vaccination is not taken then the patient will not be protected from things such as Tetanus and Whooping cough because they are not winning every little bit of the vaccination course which they need to protect them in the future. 3 months old Meningitis C The Meningitis C vaccine is conjugate vaccine against assort C meningitis. The Meningitis C vaccine was introduced in 1999 and in Ireland in 2000. It provides excellent protection against meningitis caused by Group C. (Meningitiswise, n. d. ) Meningococcal disease is caused from a bacterial infection which is caused by an organism called Neisseria meningitides. This bacterium can cause an epidemic disease. The disease is transmitted through droplets or coughing and sneezing, or more directly through kissing.For the disease to go from person to person in that respect has to be either frequent contact or prolonged contact. Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis CEarly Stages of infection * Fever * Stiff neck * Severe headache * Pain in back or joints * Vomiting * A high pitched, moaning cry for babies * Difficult to wake (babies) * Pale of blotchy skin (babies)Later stages on infection * Dislike of bright lights (photophobia) * Reduced awareness/drowsines s (can lead to a coma) * Bruise-like rash that does not fade under pressure. Meningitis is very serious and must be treated dandy away. (1999, n. d. 4 months old 5-in-1 (DTap/IPV/Hib) Vaccine tierce Dose This vaccine is used to protect against separate disease Diphtheria, Tetanus, Whooping cough, Polio and Haemophilus influenza type b. This vaccine is a booster because your memory cells may need a reminder to protect you from the disease. (NHS, n. d. ) Refer to 3 months- 5-in-1 (DTap/IPV/Hib) Vaccine. If the third dose of this vaccination is not taken then the patient will not be protected from things such as Tetanus and Whooping cough because they are not taking every little bit of the vaccination which they need to protect them in the future. 4 months old Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine Second Dose This vaccine is used to protect infants and young children against the bacterium. There are currently three PCV vaccines available. This vaccine is a booster because your memory cells ma y need a reminder to protect you from the disease. (Wikipedia, n. d. ) Refer to 2 months- Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine. If the second dose of this vaccination is not taken then the patient will not be protected from the disease. They will not be protected because they are not taking the broad course of the vaccination. 4 months old Meningitis C Second Dose The Meningitis C vaccine is conjugate vaccine against Group C meningitis. (Meningitiswise, n. d. ). The second dose is given as a booster vaccine this is given to remind your memory cells that they need to protect you for the disease. Refer to 3 months- Meningitis C. if the second dose of this vaccination is not taken then the patient will not be protected from the disease. They will not be protected because they are not taking the full course of the vaccination. Between 12 and 13 months old Hib/Men C booster This vaccine helps boosts childrens protection against two different disease, these are Haemophilus and Meningitis C infect ions. They are both serious infections and can both cause blood poisoning. (NHS, n. d. ) This vaccination is given as a single gibe which basically boosts the babies protection against Haemophilus influenza type b and meningitis C. (NHS, n. d. ) Between 12 and 13 months old Measles, mumps and epidemic roseola (MMR) Vaccine Measles, Mumps and Rubella are highly infectious conditions.The MMR vaccine contains weakened versions of live measles, mumps and rubella viruses. The vaccine works by triggering the immune system to produce antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella. (NHS, n. d. ) The first MMR vaccine is given as a single injection to babies as part of their routine vaccinations, usually within a month of their first birthday. The MMR vaccine can sometimes be given earlier than their first birthday if the baby has been exposed to the measles virus.Signs and Symptoms * petty rash of bruise-like spots * sharp chance of seizures * High temperature * Loss of appetite * Gener al feeling of world unwell * Swelling of the glands in the cheek, neck or under the jaw. (NHS, n. d. ) Between 12 and 13 months old Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine Third dose This vaccine is used to protect infants and young children against the bacterium. There are currently three PCV vaccines available. This vaccine is a booster because your memory cells may need a reminder to protect you from the disease. (Wikipedia, n. d. Refer to 4 months- Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine. If the second dose of this vaccination is not taken then the patient will not be protected from the disease. They will not be protected because they are not taking the full course of the vaccination. 3 years and 4 months old, or soon after Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) Vaccine second dose Measles, Mumps and Rubella are highly infectious conditions. The MMR vaccine contains weakened versions of live measles, mumps and rubella viruses. The vaccine works by triggering the immune system to produce antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella (NHS, n. . ). The second dose is given as a booster vaccine this is given to remind your memory cells that they need to protect you for the disease. Refer to between 12 and 13 months. Measles, mumps and rubella vaccination. If this second dose is not taken then the baby will not be protected from this disease, this is because they have not taken the full course of the vaccination. 3 years and 4 months old, or soon after 4-in-1 (DTaP/IPV) pre-school booster The DTaP/IPV vaccine boosts childrens protection against quaternary serious puerility diseases these are Diphtheria, Tetanus, Whooping cough and Polio.The vaccine is recommended for children about three years and four months old. There are two vaccines available, one contains higher-strength Diphtheria and the other contains lower-strength Diphtheria. (NHS, n. d. ) This vaccine is given to three-year-old children to boost their protection against * Diphtheria * Tetanus * Whooping cough * PolioChildren are routinely inoculate against these illnesses as babies. This booster increases their immunity even further. (NHS, n. d. ) (NHS, n. d. I have chosen to use this table from the NHS website because I think that the information that is given useful. It is also undeviating because it has come from a trustworthy website. Pros and Cons of Vaccinations Vaccines can impose some risks. It is important that parents consider the benefits and risks of vaccines when they are decided whether or not they should have their child/children vaccinated. Many people need to realise that when considering vaccination, one of the most important questions asked is does the risk of the disease over weigh the risk of the vaccination? This does include the risk of being exposed to certain diseases. There are about 12 diseases that are considered serious and have been vaccinated against, these include Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Whooping Cough, Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal dise ase, chicken pox and HIB disease. The vaccinations that are given for these diseases help snap a large role in lowering the risk of exposure to the diseases. (2000, n. d. ) This chart is showing that since 1989 up to 2000 the figure of ases of Mumps has decreased dramatically and also it is showing that a lot more people are having the MMR vaccination. We know this because of the number of notifications for mumps has decreased dramatically. There are many more pros than cons I think when it comes to vaccinations. These include your child will be safe during the first years of his/her life. Mortality can be prevented even in dangerous and life threatening diseases, when you child catches diseases now or later on in life, hell/shell likely to have it milder than you would expect.Contagious diseases can be prevented especially if your child is in his/her pre-school years and the risk of complications are lower than those who do not go through with vaccinations. Also thither will be less health issues by this I mean disability, there will be less cost on the society via disability benefits but also there will be a better life for individuals. Most parents today havent seen a child suffer with an infection such as Tetanus or Polio so it is very easy for them to declare that vaccinations against such illnesses are not necessary.However the vaccination routine is the only reason why such infections have been nearly completely wiped out in the UK. If a certain number of children do not have the vaccinations then it will not be long before the diseases appear again. Vaccinations are a very powerful preventative tool. They work by exposing the immune system to something that resembles the disease. The bodys own immune system responds and is then able to build up some sort of immunity that protects us in the case of infection by a live virus.The effectiveness of vaccines is proved by the fact that smallpox has been completely wiped out, and the incidence of other se rious illnesses has lowered a lot since the introduction of vaccinations. Maximum number of Annual Cases in Pre-Vaccine Era (Year) Number of cases in 2009 Percent Change Diphtheria 12,641 (1899) 0 -100. 00 Measles 52,866 (1952) 2 -99. 99 Mumps 18,709 (1957) 13 -99. 93 whooping cough 13,333 (1937) 371 -97. 22 Polio 3,950 (1955) 0 -100. 00 Rubella 34,148 (1943) 1 -99. 9 Tetanus 45 (1925) 0 -100. 00 HIB 147 (1987) 1 -99. 32 Chickenpox 23,768 (1953) 2,219 -90. 66 (LaMorte, n. d. ) This table is showing how vaccinations have helped the number of cases of disease and infections. I think this source is reliable because it clearly shows that number of cases for each disease has dropped dramatically because more and more are having the vaccinations. However everything has two sides. No vaccination is 100% safe, and there are always certain risks involved in vaccinations.If people are not vaccinated there is a high chance that the risk of disease will increase dramatically because people ar ent protecting and preventing themselves from specific diseases and infections. Also there will be a major increase in health risk, by this I mean that there will be a lot more children with a weaker immune system which will them lead to an increase in diseases and infections which can also in some severe cases cause death, this is because the children have not been vaccinated from those certain diseases so their immune systems do not know how to fight them off or at least protect them from it.If children are not vaccinated then the country has less control over epidemics and pandemics because the children that are not being vaccinated can spread the disease and infections cursorily to other people which means that more people that are not being vaccinated are going to get the disease or infection. (safety, n. d. ) This graphical record is showing that there has been an increase in the confirmed cases of measles due to parents no longer requirementing to vaccinate there babies/chil dren due to the risk factors. Alternatives to vaccinations Parents compositors case many tough decisions when it comes to vaccines.There is an alternative called Homeoprophylaxis (HP) or homeopathic immunization. It has been around for over 200 years, and recent studies show its effectiveness in epidemics, and its effectiveness at preventing childhood diseases (not injuring the child). Homeoprophylaxis is a dilute preparation from a disease product i. e. from the sputum of n individual with the disease, or in the case of influenzium (homeopathic version of the flue shot), the four viruses selected by the WHO for the annual flu vaccine. They are safe for everyone, including babies and they come in a small sugar pill that dissolves quickly in your mouth.It involves no side effects. No trauma, no toxins and no risks. It is given when the body is healthy and shouldnt be given during a time of illness. The benefits of homeopathic immunization are fairly good. It works by naturally stre ngthening the resistance of the child instead of targeting the pathogen, bacteria, or virus that causes the epidemic disease. For this reason pathogens can never develop a resistance to the prophylactics. The immunization protects against diseases for which no vaccine exists an example of this is the B strain of meningococcal (meningitis) disease that is responsible for many infections.The immunization protects those that traditional vaccines are unsuitable, such as those who have had adverse reactions to other vaccines, the malnourished, and the sick and debilitated the immune-compromised, the pregnant, those allergic to vaccine materials and those on steroids. Vaccination * Material dose live, attenuated or killed virus, bacteria, toxin, in bleak dose * Adjuvants to stimulate allergic response and other additives with the possibility of other viruses, human fetus tissue, and DNA, animal byproducts etc. Multiple diseases given at at once Homeoprophylaxis * Energetic dose substanc es are potentized/diluted to reduce material dose but retain memory of disease/pathogen * Single disease at a time * No adjuvants, preservatives or contaminants National Attack rates and the Efficacy of Homeoprophylaxis Disease Attack rates unimmunised % Attack rate Homeoprophylaxis % Efficacy of Homeoprophylaxis% Whooping Cough 85. 0 11. 7 86. 2 Measles 90. 0 9. 0 90. 0 Mumps 70. 0 5. 9 91. 6 (Golden, n. d. )Should any vaccines be required for children? motives for and arguments against (Dimes, n. d. ) tilt FOR Vaccination should be required for children. No individual should have the right to risk the health of the public solely for the purpose of satisfying their personal moral or religious views. (Parenting, n. d. ) This graph is showing that since vaccinations have been introduced the number of deaths caused by disease such as Measles, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria and Scarlet Fever have decreased.Therefore I believe that Vaccinations should be required for children, and no indi vidual should have the right to risk the health of the public because they satisfying their personal moral or religious views because if they arent being vaccinated they are affecting everyone else around them. This graph is reliable because it clearly shows important information which shows that FOR argument is important because vaccinations are decreasing the deaths of people because of disease. parametric quantity AGAINST Governments should not have the right to intervene in the health decisions parents make for their children. 1% of parents believe they should have the right to refuse mandated school entry vaccinations for their children. This graph is showing the number of people catching measles has increased due to parents refusing to let their children have the school entry vaccinations. Because of this there could end up being an epidemic in Wales, because a number of children are not protected from Measles. I think that the school entry vaccinations should be made mandat ary I think this because it will stop the spread of an epidemic as people will be vaccinated against Measles.This source is reliable because it clearly shows that because people are not being vaccinated, diseases are spreading rapidly. From looking at both these arguments for and against I think that all children should be forced into having vaccinations, no matter what there religion is or what they believe in. If all children have the vaccinations that are available to them then maybe one day all the horrid diseases will be wiped out. This includes anyone who migrates because nobody knows what diseases they could be carrying or they could have come from a disease ridden area. origin FOR Vaccines can get rid of disease and prevent serious illness and death. compulsory vaccination has got rid of disease that once killed thousands of children, such as polio and small pox. (Murakami, 2011) This graph is showing that when the Small Pox Vaccination was made mandatory the number of deat hs per million shot right down because people were made to have the vaccination. Then when the vaccination was no longer mandatory so the number of deaths per million shot straight back up again.Then finally the vaccination was made mandatory one last time, this was when Small Pox was finally wiped out. I think this source is reliable because it clearly shows how helpful the Small Pox vaccination was and also how effective it was to England and Wales. Argument AGAINST Many parents hold religious beliefs against vaccination. Forcing such parents to vaccinate their children would violate their rights to the free exercise of their religion. From looking at both the argument for and against I feel that vaccinations should be mandatory no what the circumstances are.Everyone in world should be given these vaccinations because when vaccinations are made mandatory they do work, they do wipe out harmful disease, as my source shows about Small Pox. If the Small Pox vaccination was not made ma ndatory then the Small Pox disease would still be runny wild today. Argument FOR Some individuals that have been vaccinated may still get sick when exposed to infected individuals, 75%-94% of the population, depending on the disease, must be vaccinated to procure herd immunity. When the herd immunity is achieved the number of immunized individuals is high enough to prevent the spread of disease through the population. BBC, 2012) This graph is showing that the confirmed cases of Whooping cough in England and Wales rose from 2011 to 2012. This graph is perfect for the Argument FOR because it shows that the number of confirmed cases could be due to the vaccinated individuals being exposed to the infected individuals. My source is not as reliable as I would like it to be because it does not actually show that some of the confirmed cases of Whooping cough are due to the vaccinated children being exposed to the infected individuals. Argument AGAINST Vaccines interfere with the natural la w and Gods plan for humanity.Disease is a natural occurrence and humans should not interfere with it. From looking at the argument for and the argument against I feel that people should not be aloud to say that they do essential immunise because it is going against God and the natural law, because yes they may believe that but them believing that affects a lot of other people they are not vaccinated so they are a risk to more people. I disagree with the statement that disease is a natural occurrence because if everyone in the world was to be vaccinated then diseases would be wiped out and nothing would occur.Argument FOR The risks of not being vaccinated far outweigh the small risks associated with vaccination. Preventable diseases like measles and mumps can cause permanent disability and death. In 1991 an outbreak of measles in an unvaccinated group of children in Philadelphia caused seven deaths. Children infected with mumps can become permanently deaf. Although a very small num ber of deaths from the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine have been reported, the most common adverse reactions are minor soreness and or fever.Argument AGAINST familiar childhood vaccinations may cause rare yet serious reactions including anaphylactic shock, paralysis, and sudden death. This risk is not worth taking, considering most diseases vaccinated against are not necessarily life threatening. (Health, n. d. ) From looking at this pie chart I can see that there were a number of deaths related to diseases than can be preventable by a few simple vaccines. This graph shows that if all these children had been vaccinated from these diseases then the deaths wouldnt have been anywhere near as high as they were.I think this graph is reliable because it shows the number of lives that could have been saved if the children have been vaccinated. From looking at the argument for and argument against I think the risk of contracting a disease should over weigh the possible side effects t hat the vaccination can bring. Although the side effects of the vaccination can be questioning they only last a couple of days at most, whereas if you contract a disease it last between one and ten days and in some cases is can kill you.I think that parents should think about the risks and benefits in a lot of detail before they say that they do not want to vaccinate their children. Argument FOR Because children and babies are more open to the swine flu they should be required to take FDA- approved vaccine to prevent illness and possible death. Argument AGAINST Vaccines can cause brain inflammation which can then lead to either death or permanent brain damage and disorders such as autism, ADD/ADHA, and other developmental problems.Also this vaccine has been associated specifically with the development of autism and is still found in certain tetanus and flu vaccines. (Anon. , n. d. ) This graph is showing the region of people who would and would not consider the swine flu vaccinati on. This pie chart just shows exactly why people are contracting diseases just like swine flu. I would say this source is reliable because it gives people a clear understanding of why certain diseases are quite rife.Argument FOR Children should be required to receive vaccination against hepatitis B. the disease can cause inflammation of the liver leading to scarring of the liver or cancer. The world health organization recommends that hepatitis B vaccination be part of ordinary childhood vaccination routine. (Organization, n. d. ) This map shows which countries have and which countries have not introduced the HepB vaccination. This map shows us which countries have more disease issues and which do not.I think this vaccination is reliable because it shows us where vaccinations need to be put in place and then also made mandatory so diseases do not become rife. Argument AGAINST All vaccines cause immune system suppression and can permanently damage the natural immune system. Unvaccin ated children can build and strengthen their immune systems through fighting off infection and developing natural immunity to disease like measles and chickenpox. From looking at both the for and against argument I think that HepB should be made mandatory because it is a life threatening disease.I disagree with the statement that children can build and strengthen their immune system because with the diseases that can be contracted only the vaccination can properly protect them. To conclude I am for this question because I feel that all vaccines should be required for children for their own protection and well being. Parents who straight away say NO NO NO I am not vaccinating my child should think about the benefits and risk factors, because I believe that the benefits over weigh the risk factors by a lot.I understand that some parents do no want their children to have to suffer some of the side effects that the vaccinations bring, they need to realise that the side effects of the va ccinations are nothing compared to the diseases that they can contract. The diseases can also be life threating, so the parents need to realise that yes their child may have side effects from the vaccination which only last a day or two whereas if they contract a disease it is likely to last around one to ten days and also some can kill. I know what Id rather my child have.In my opinion vaccinations should be made mandatory from everyone and anyone, whether they are religious or not. I think this because if half of a population are religious and the other half are non religious and are for vaccinations for example, the religious side are going to always contract the diseases because they are not protected against them and even though the non religious side that have been vaccinated are protected they can still contract the disease but it may not be as extreme as if the religious side were to contract the disease.If anyone migrates to the country they should be tested on and vaccinat ed straight away no questions asked because people do not know what they could be carrying, they could be bringing all sorts of diseases in the country. Bibliography (CDC), C. f. D. C. a. P. , n. d. Online Available at http//www. marchofdimes. com/baby/wellbabycare_vaccinations. hypertext markup language Accessed 16 February 2013. 1999, D. O. H. , n. d. Meningococcal C Vaccine Factsheet. Online Available at http//www. nhs. uk/Planners/vaccinations/Documents/mencfsht1. pdf Accessed 16th February 2013. 2000, H. . S. , n. d. Primary Childhood Immunisation. Online Available at http//www. sehd. scot. nhs. uk/publications/his0/his0-10. htm Accessed 16th February 2013. Anon. , n. d. Swine Flu Vaccination. Online Available at http//whatjapanthinks. com/2009/12/10/just-one-in-twenty-always-wear-masks-for-swine-flu-prevention/ Accessed 16th February 2013. BBC, 2012. BBC NEWS HEALTH. Online Available at http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/health-20539837 Accessed 16th February 2013. Dimes, M. o. , n. d. Vaccines. Online Available at http//vaccines. procon. org/arguments Accessed 16th February 2013. Golden, D. , n. d. Organic Life Love. Online Available at http//organiclifelove. com/2011/03/22/a-safe-alternative-to-vaccines-homeopathic-immunization/ Accessed 16th February 2013. Health, G. , n. d. Resources. Online Available at http//www. action. org/resources/item/undervaccination-by-the-numbers Accessed 16th February 2013. LaMorte, W. , n. d. Disease Surveillance. Online Available at http//sph. bu. edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/MA-Surveillance/MA-Surveillance7. html Accessed 16th February 2013. Meningitiswise, n. d. Online Available at http//www. meningitis. org/disease-info/vaccines Accessed 16 FEBRUARY 2013. Murakami, A. , 2011. Vaccination Fauxscination. Online Available at http//aaronmurakami. com/blog/2011/01/29/vaccination-fauxscination/ Accessed 16th February 2013. NHS, n. d. NHS Choice. Online Available at http//www. nhs. uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/vaccination-schedule-a ge-checklist. aspx Accessed 16 February 2013. Organization, W. H. , n. d. World Heath. Online Available at http//www. who. int/immunization_delivery/new_vaccines/hepb/en/index4. tml Accessed 16th February 2013. Parenting, N. , n. d. innate(p) Parenting. Online Available at http//forums. naturalparenting. com. au/vaccination/39639-disease-vaccination-graphs. html Accessed 16th February 2013. safety, C. h. a. , n. d. Wakefield data questioned again. Online Available at http//ebdblog. com/2009/02/wakefield-data-questioned-again/ Accessed 16th february 2013. Wikipedia, n. d. Wikipedia. Online Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine Accessed 16 February 2013.

Mr. Burns as Scrooge of Springfield

In the history of modern popular culture, in that respect have been few American satires as influential and successful as the enliven television show, The Simpsons. With Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and baby Maggie living in the every t ownship of Springfield, U.S.A., they find themselves in many situations common to most Americans, including being under the rule of ruthless corporate raiders handle Charles Montgomery destroy.As owner of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, Mr. Burns displays both the characteristics of a classic egoist, though his satirical portrayal takes many of the attri merelyes and accentuates them to the point of ridiculousness. Mr. Burns shows absolutely no charitable tendencies, is concerned solely with m matchlessy and power, and c atomic number 18s little for anyone new(prenominal) than himself, which makes him anything but a relativist or utilitarian, but seems to make him more of an good egoist.Mr. Burns is a corporate raider, characterized on the sh ow as being over a century old, perpetrateting him amongst the original robber barons. The character himself is actually based on an amalgam of media magnate William Randolph Hearst and his fictional counterpart Charles Foster Kane, both characters that focused solely on their power and how to use and enhance it. In The Simpsons, almost every story concerning Mr. Burns includes his blatant disregard for anyone else other than himself and his own interests.One of the most obvious depictions of Burns ethics comes in the two-part episode called Who scenery Mr. Burns? In the episode, oil is discovered beneath Springfield Elementary School, and the school seems poised to get a windfall of money from the discovery. This provide part with the terribly dilapidated and underfunded school to make many improvements in every aspect of the curriculum. However, Mr. Burns discovers the oil and creates a slant drilling company that will draw the oil up from an angle, in the process destroying the Springfield Retirement Home and making the popular Moes Tavern uninhabitable for humans. In extension to alienating the school, destroying the retirement home, and putting Moes out of business, Mr. Burns also fails to remember the name of his decade-long employee, Homer Simpson.His selfishness and self-absorption have managed to anger just about everyone in town, though he is only concerned with making more money and becoming change surface more powerful. He finally reveals his grand scheme to his faithful accomplice Waylon Smithers, which is to build a giant device that will block out the sun in Springfield and require all the citizens in town to use electricity from his plant twenty-four hours a day. He even feels so good that he wants to appropriate candy from a baby.When his loyal assistant objects, Burns quickly fires him, never realizing that Smithers life desire was merely to work for Mr. Burns. Burns is blind to everything and everyone, and he finally succeeds at bl ocking out the sun, subject the anger of everyone in town. It is when he celebrates his victory he is shot by an un cognize assailant, who after a cliffhanger, is revealed to be baby Maggie Simpson as he attempts to steal her candy and subsequently shot by his own gun (Who Shot Mr. Burns?).While the over three-hundred episodes of The Simpsons have many instances of Mr. Burns making ethically self-styled decisions in the name of money and power, this episode remains one of the most famous and obvious causes of his selfishness. To Burns, nothing is as important as his business success, and this is the wizard factor dictating his ethics and his actions. Burns object lessonity bleeds into every aspect of his life outside of business, though to him there ar no other concerns than business.Morality and ethics are important to every aspect of human life, including in business, and many ethical theorists have sought to understand the extent of morality and the duty that individuals an d organizations have to other individuals and organizations. Though no laws of morality or ethics have been established, there are four core concepts presented by ethical theorists ethical relativism, which espouses that ethics is a question of individual picking and preference impartiality, which suggests that humans should treat each other as equals where none count more than others sympathy, which is the imaginative ability to put oneself in anothers shoes and moral sufficiency, which seeks to answer just how much moral decency is intellectably possible (Gibson 62-63).In business matters, these issues and the questions they pose are even great, as businesses have the potential to create great benefit for others, or do them great accidental injury, all the while trying to maximize profit and refrain success. Mr. Burns is far from an ethical relativist, for he shows no concern for the benefit of others. In fact, he takes joy out of creating misery for others, as long as their misery is profitable to him. He assumes responsibility for his actions without shame, and feels no remorse if anyone is hurt. After all, one of his greatest desires was to take candy from a baby, for no other reason than he could.In the essay, Thinking Ethically, the rootages attempt to apply various ethical approaches to moral issues in business, which could apply to Mr. Burns actions. One of the first and most widely known approaches is the utilitarian approach, which seeks to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals. The way to analyze the utilitarian approach is to identify the various course of action available, need who will be affected by each action and what benefits and harms will come from them, and choose the action that will produce the greatest benefits and least harm (Velasquez 64).Mr. Burns, if anything, purposefully contradicts this mode of action, as he derives pleasure in the misery of those he vanquishes in the name of greater profit and power, even if these people are innocent. Another ethical approach is the Rights Approach, which espouses that an action is moral as long as it falls within the moral rights of an individual, while the Fairness or jurist Approach which states that favoritism and discrimination are wrong.The Common Good Approach focuses on ensuring that social policies, social systems, institutions, and environments on which we depend are beneficial to all the Virtue Approach assumes that there are certain ideals towards which humans should strive, which provide for the full development of humanity (66). By approaching situations of ethical ambiguity with these theories, one has a better chance of choosing the correct mode of action. For Burns, all of these ethical approaches are not applicable, for he fails to ever consider how his actions may affect anyone else negatively.Or, when he does think about it, he gets pleasure in being able to impose his power to the point where he can bring misery to ot hers by his actions, as in his celebration after blotting out the sun despite the protests of everyone in the entire town, including his closest supporter Smithers.In Donelson Forsyths article, Judging the Morality of commercial enterprise Practices The Influence of Personal Moral Philosophies, he examines the ways business leaders approach ethical relativism and how it does not need to necessarily defeat the moral enterprise. However, to individual exchangeable Mr. Burns, ethics are nothing more than an afterthought, while the bottom line is the only thing that matters.While studies have suggested the impact of relativism and idealism on moral judgment and behavior depends on the nature of the social institution, individual divergencys in personal moral philosophy suggests that humans will most likely never reach the ideal of sleep together agreement, but can aim for a fuller understanding of ones own and others responses to various types of business practices (Forsyth 75). In the case of Burns, he only agrees and appreciates with those that share his views on profiteering and power, even though he remains skeptical and suspicious of every threat and he considers around everybody a threat to his wealth and power.This is why, despite having more money than anyone in town and never being able to spend it all, all the instances when Mr. Burns is asked to apply even a little of his money to help soulfulness else, he vehemently rejects the request. This has been seen many times in the show, from Homer asking for help with a sick dog to a girl scout trying to sell Mr. Burns cookies only to have him release the hounds on her.Mr. Burns greed and complete lack of charity display his true nature as an ethical egoist. In Peter Singers article, The Singer Solution to World Poverty, the author proposes that if people in affluent countries like the United States donated a small portion of their money that would normally be spent on luxury items, consequently th e money can be used to help out poverty stricken peoples around the world.He uses examples of how this can be done, by citing the costs incurred by someone who buys a new television merely to upgrade from an older one. He claims that if this money was donated to such charities as Unicef or Oxfam America that it would do a greater deal of good for the most possible people, thereby having the greatest utility value. By choosing to buy the television and not donate the money, Singer feels that a person is making a questionable moral decision, even though few in the situation actually feel this way.Singer uses a more provocative sibyllic example of a man named Bob, who has an uninsurable classic car that he will sell to insure that he has money for his retirement. In the situation, Bob is constrained to make a decision as a train bears down on his car and a little boy Bob has a choice whether to save the boy or the car, but not both, and Bob chooses the car and lets the boy die. While this dramatic example seems to highlight the undesirable attributes of self-interest, Singer claims that the difference between Bob and those who can afford to donate to overseas aid organizations but dont is that only Bob can save the child on the tracks, whereas there are hundreds of millions of people who can give $200 to overseas aid organization (Singer).By Singers logic, those that are not donating to these organizations are committing an act comparable to the one performed by Bob. Mr. Burns would not only laugh at such a concept, but would relish the fact that anyone asking for help would be suffering. If in the same situation, he would most certainly save the car, and most likely praise Bob for saving his car, before figuring out a way to get the car from Bob for himself.Mr. Burns utilizes his power to inflict his will upon others, and only respects those who do the same. As, all humans are natural with free will, the decision to be charitable or uncharitable rests within that freedom. The German Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant contributed much to the Western discussion of ethics and free will, and his concept of freedom and virtue are reasoned by the critical distinction of the two modes of representation (the sensible and the intellectual) and the consequent limitation of the conceptions of the pure understanding and of the principles which flow rate from them (Kant).Kant attempts to distinguish between the empirical and rational conceptions of free will and how it influences virtue, questioning whether freedom is the independent choices of free will or merely the practical reaction to circumstance and causality. To this end, Kantianism is highly dependent upon reason to figure out the proper decision concerning virtue, and his ethics rely on obligation to reason more than emotions or goals. Thus, the Kantian approach to donation and charity would be the duty of those that have the means to donate. Burns would patently disagree. Most cert ainly, Mr. Burns is an ethical egoist.Ethical egoism is a philosophical practice that encourages individuals to pursue their own self-interests. While it is idealistic to think of support unknown masses with ones own hard acquire money, it is also nave to think that people should feel obligated to do so. A person who works hard to make money to buy delicately things is entitled to those things. Just because a person is successful and can afford luxury items does not mean that they are obligated to help strangers because it serves some class of utilitarian purpose. If anything, much of this altruism merely perpetuates a cycle in which those who are poor become accustomed to the aid of those who are not. If they pursued their own self-interests, they would be better able to rise above their own struggles and create a successful world for themselves.Ethical egoism is not entirely without the concept of helping others, however it focuses not on people that an individual will never m eet, but the people in his or her life and those that the person loves and touches personally. If ones family is in trouble and one possesses the ability to give assistance, this is in the individuals best interest, as it will lead to happiness. However, for an extreme example like Mr. Burns, there is no one that he wishes to help, save for the occasional cute pet or his old stuffed teddy bear. Mr. Burns is a classic example of an ethical egoist, and no one should expect him to do anything for anyone other than himself. And, in the twenty years that The Simpsons have been on television, he has done nothing but loyally follow his ethical egoist values.Works CitedForsyth, Donelson R.. Judging the Morality of stock Practices The Influence of PersonalMoral Philosophies. Business Ethics People, Profits, and the Planet. Ed. Kevin Gibson. pertly York McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2005. 67-76.Gibson, Kevin. The Theoretical Backdrop of Business Ethics. Business Ethics People, Profits,and the Pla net. Ed. Kevin Gibson. New York McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2005. 61-63.Kant, Immanuel. The Critique Of Pure Reason. Ed. J. M. D. Meiklejohn. 1781. eserver.org. 4Apr 2008. http//philosophy.eserver.org/kant/critique-of-pure-reason.txt.Velasquez, Manuel, Claire Andre, Tomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer. ThinkingEthically A Framework for Moral Decision Making. Business Ethics People, Profits, and the Planet. Ed. Kevin Gibson. New York McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2005. 64-67.Singer, Peter. The Singer Solution to World Poverty. The New York Times Magazine. 5 Sep1999 pp. 60-63. Utilitarian Philosophers. 4 Apr 2008. http//www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/19990905.htmWho Shot Mr. Burns? The Simpsons. Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein. 20th Century Fox. 21May 1995.